The battery recycling loop: a European perspective

Ahmed, Fahmi Ben

doi:10.1016/0378-7753(95)02309-7

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The intense development of lead recycling in the second half of the 20th century has raised the problem of using new technologies ‘environmentally friendly’ in order to process the spent batteries by eliminating, as much as possible, of the polluting generating processes . The increasing quantity of the spent lead‐acid batteries, which are processed, means a growth in using lead as a secondary raw material, which is necessary in the automobile production as well as in replacing the spent batteries . Generally speaking, the hydrometallurgical technologies for recovering lead from the spent lead‐acid car batteries differ mainly by the leaching agent used to dissolve lead from the waste pastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing oxidic waste of lead‐acid batteries in order to recover lead

Buzatu¹,

Petrescu

Buzatu

et al. 2014

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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The main process parameters have been investigated with a relatively new method for lead recovery from oxidic paste. The method consisting in leaching with NaOH and is also useful for processing other secondary resources (volatile dusts resulted from metallurgical extraction of lead from primary resources). The chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction have attested that the oxidic paste resulted from the dismantling of spent lead-acid batteries has a content of 70-73% Pb, mainly as anglesite (around 38% PbSO 4 ) and lanarkite (about 36% Pb 2 SO 5 ). Experiments have been carried out through leaching with NaOH of the industrial paste out of spent car batteries as well as for the pure substances. The experiments were conducted at temperatures of 40, 60 and 80°C, at various solid/liquid ratios (S : L = 1 : 10; 1 : 30 and 1 : 50) and different molarities for the NaOH solutions (2, 4, 6 and 8 M). The reaction time was 1 h for the leaching of the pure substances and 2 h for the leaching of the industrial pastes. An extraction efficiency of 92% Pb was obtained with a leaching solution of 6 M NaOH, at 60°C, for 2 h and S/L ratios of 1 : 20-1 : 30. The efficiency may be increased up to 97% Pb only when the leaching process is carried out in two steps.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing oxidic waste of lead‐acid batteries in order to recover lead

Buzatu¹,

Petrescu

Buzatu

et al. 2014

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…The industries are forced to practise the product recovery activities due to the government policies, environmental legislation and economic benefits (Kannan et al , 2010). Ahmed (1996) has addressed the importance of recycling lead acid batteries for environmental safety and also the growing demand of lead in future. Gupt and Sahay (2015) have achieved a successful system for recycling using lead acid batteries in India by eliminating the informal recycling, strengthening the upstream deposit refund system and by introducing separate collection agency.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An eco-friendly closed loop supply chain network with multi-facility allocated centralized depots for bidirectional flow in a battery manufacturing industry

Sherif

Sasikumar

Asokan

et al. 2019

JAMR

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Purpose Due to the economic benefits and environmental awareness, most of the battery manufacturing industries in India are interested to redesign their existing supply chain network or to incorporate the effective closed loop supply chain network (CLSCN). The purpose of this paper is to develop CLSCN model with eco-friendly distribution network and also enhance recycling to utilize recycled lead for new battery production. The existing CLSCN model of a battery manufacturing industry considered for case study is customized for attaining economic benefit and environmental safety. Hence, single objective, multi-echelon, multi-period and multi-product CLSCN model with centralized depots (CD) is developed in this work to maximize the profit and reduce the emission of CO2 in transportation. Design/methodology/approach The proposed CD has the facility to store new batteries (NB), scrap batteries (SB) and lead ingot. The objective of the proposed research work is to identify potential location of CD using K-means clustering algorithm, to allocate facilities with CD using multi-facility allocation (MFA) algorithm and to minimize overall travel distance by allowing bidirectional flow of materials and products between facilities. The proposed eco-friendly CLSCN-CD model is solved using GAMS 23.5 for optimal solutions. Findings The performance of the proposed model is validated by comparing with existing model. The evaluation reveals that the proposed model is better than the existing model. The sensitivity analysis is demonstrated with different rate of return of SB, different proportion of recycled lead and different type of vehicles, which will help the management to take appropriate decision in the context of cost savings. Originality/value This research work has proposed single objective, multi echelon, multi period and multi product CLSCN-CD model in the battery manufacturing industry to maximize the profit and reduce the CO2 emission in transportation, by enhancing the bidirectional flow of materials/products between facilities of entire model.

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“…Traditionally, lead from battery scrap has been smelted in reverberatory furnace, blast furnace, electric furnace or rotary furnace, usually to produce antimonial lead bullion and soda slags or mattes (Kreusch et al, 2007;Ahmed, 1996;Paff and Bosilovich, 1995). Although these pyrometallurgical processes comprise over 90% of the recovery technology, they are under severe criticism due to SO 2 emission and lead emission from fuming at elevated temperature of over 1273 K (Sonmez and Kumar, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although newer smelting technologies such as Isasmelt process have more advantages compared with past techniques, they results in off-gases containing sulfur and discard slag to environment (Ahmed, 1996). Therefore, an effort must be made to find more advanced technology without a negative impact on the environment for recycling waste lead storage batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%