The Bechdel in India: gendered depictions in contemporary Hindi cinema

Kapoor, Hansika; Bhuptani, Prachi H.; Agneswaran, Amuda

doi:10.1080/09589236.2015.1102128

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The Bechdel test, however, isn't entirely perfect for measuring the importance of women in film since it is overly simplistic and doesn't specify any other topics that female characters speak about besides men (O'Meara, 2016). Other studies recognized this and extended beyond the Bechdel test by finding the proportions of male interactions to female interactions (Micic, 2015), and performing a "Reverse Bechdel" that used the same three criteria, but regarding male characters (Kapoor et. al., 2015).…”

Section: The Bechdel Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little research has compared female dialogue to male dialogue in depth, so the prominence and portrayal of female characters compared to the overall character portrayals in recent popular films is unknown. Furthermore, few studies have extended beyond the Bechdel test with American films, with most uses occurring in Indian and Swedish studies (Kapoor et. al., 2015;Micic, 2015).…”

Section: Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As defined by Hansika Kapoor, a conversation was any verbal exchange between two or more persons, and was assumed to have ended when (a) the setting or the scene changed, with no reference to the earlier conversation; or (b) the topic within the conversation noticeably changed. If the setting or scene changed without a change in characters or topic, however, then it was assumed to be a single, continuous conversation (Kapoor et. al., 2015).…”

Section: Same-gender Conversationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in Gender Portrayal in the Avengers Series: A Conventional Content Analysis

Morales¹,

Olivo²

2021

J Stud Res

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The Bechdel test, used to examine the frequency and portrayal of women in film, consists of three criteria – (1) a movie must represent two or more women, (2) who have names and speak to each other, (3) about anything other than a man. In order to answer the research question “Based on the Bechdel test, how does the Avengers series portray their female characters compared to their male characters?”, this paper utilizes and extends beyond the Bechdel test by performing a conventional content analysis of same-gender conversations in four top-grossing superhero films – Marvel’s The Avengers (2012), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). By combining the simplicity of the Bechdel test with a qualitative approach to code dialogue, this paper illustrates the underrepresentation of female characters and specific differences between the portrayal of men and women in modern Marvel films. While the films improved in the amount of female characters and female-to-female conversations over time, there is still a small amount of female-to-female conversations in these films compared to male-to-male conversations. Furthermore, while male characters rarely spoke to each other about women, female characters spoke to each other about men very often. Some common elements of dialogue for both male and female characters were worries about danger, discussions of violence, and insulting others. Implications regarding this portrayal’s impact on female viewers are discussed.

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Section: The Bechdel Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Same-gender Conversationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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