The Behavior of Foot Care in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic non-infectious disease with complications such as diabetic foot, which has the potential for amputation if left untreated. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a behavior-based theory that can be applied to DM patients including foot care to minimize risk. Some studies related to TPB particularly about physical activity and diet have been explored, however, studies on foot care are still lacking.Objective: This study aims to apply the Theory of Planned Behavior (Intentions, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Behavioral Control) on the patient's foot care.Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study. There were 93 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM recruited at 9 public health centers (Puskesmas) using accidental sampling on April 2018. TPB-based foot care questionnaire from the IWGDF (International Working Group on Diabetic Foot) Diabetic Foot guidelines was used. Data were analyzed in the form of frequency distribution.Results: Of the total number of respondents, 25 males and 68 females with average age of 53.05 ± 8.04 years, approximately 87.1% of them have the intention to wear footwear according to size. The majority of patients think that washing feet every day is a form of good and positive practice. They also agreed that the family expects the patient to examine the presence of bone / joint protrusions independently and believes that monitoring the foot deformities performed by other DM patients is very important as well as having control that the patient can check for signs of boils in the legs and there is a high likelihood of blisters / sores if the socks used are not suitable.Conclusion: The majority of respondents have good intentions, positive attitudes, social support and behavioral controls for foot care.

Relationship of Moringa Leaf Consumption Habits and Blood Sugar Level in Muna Tribe in Indonesia

“…It shows that some respondents aged 46 years had high blood sugar. This was in line with the results of other studies that show that most respondents with diabetes mellitus aged ³46 years with an average age of 53 years, and there was a relationship between age and the incidence of diabetes mellitus (Narmawan, Syahrul, & Erika, 2018;Rahayu et al, 2012). Basic health research also shows that the incidence of DM increases with age even though > 75 years old and the prevalence of events begins to decrease (Ministry of Health, 2018).…”

Factors That Influence Females’ Intention towards Breast Cancer Early Diagnosis

“…It is described as a person's subjective evaluation or past experience towards an intended behaviour based on the expected outcome from the particular behaviour (Erten, 2018;Lang, 2018). Likewise, TPB has been widely applied on health related programs/ interventions to study a person's cognition response and to provide an intensive understanding of the reasons why a person performs or fails to perform that specific behavioural tendency (Kopelowicz et al, 2015;Mutua, Pertet, & Otieno, 2017;Narmawan, Syahrul, & Erika, 2018). Empirical studies reviewed that, a person are likely to engage into a particular behaviour only if, he/she perceives it as favourable (positive outcome expectancy) and vice versa (Kalolo & Kibusi, 2015;Leske, Strodl, & Hou, 2017;Mtenga, Exavery, Kakoko, & Geubbels, 2015).…”

Predictors of Foot Care Behavior in Adults with Type-2 Diabetes: Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life

“…Foot Self-Care Behavior Assessment Form: This form was created based on a search of the relevant literature by the researchers to evaluate the foot self-care practices of individuals with Type-2 DM (Embil et al, 2018;D'Souza et al, 2017;Narmawan et al, 2018;Schaper et al, 2019;Wendling & Beadle, 2015). The final version of the form was created after taking the opinions of five public health nursing experts.…”

“…It is clear that individuals with diabetes should perform regular foot self-care to minimize diabetic foot complications. A study on DFD found that a majority of the participants had a positive attitude and practiced behavioral controls on diabetic foot self-care (Narmawan et al, 2018).…”