“…With the addition of latex and chitosan to concrete, compressive and tensile strengths decreased by 14% and 24%, respectively, compared with the control (Ulisses et al, 2011). The primary mechanism of the action of polymer additives in cement systems is that they form a polymer film on the surface of the grains of cement, sand, and capillaries, which promotes the adhesion of sand to cement particles (Negim et al, 2013;Santos et al, 2018;Muntohar et al, 2020). Thus, polymers have become more monolithic regarding impermeability, frost resistance, tensile strength, and bending increases in cement paste, mortar, and concrete.…”