The Behavior of the Larvae of Orthosoma Brunneum (Forster) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Relation to Gases Found in the Logs Inhabited by the Larvae

Paim, U.; Beckel, W. E.

doi:10.1139/z64-032

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There are many other studies showing successful navigation by larvae to or toward the odor source in a diffusion gradient without airflow, but where behavioral details were not measured directly (Suckling and Ioriatti 1996;Khalifa et al 1973;Rembold et al 1989;Doane et al 1975;Paim and Beckel 1963;Mochizuki et al 1989;Singh and Mullick 2002). These studies involved phytophagous burrowing or surface feeders and the results could be explained by klinotaxis, arrestment or reduced straightness at increased stimulus concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere

Hammock

Vinyard

Dickens

2007

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Using a servosphere (locomotion compensator), locomotory behavior of Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae was measured in detail in response to pulsed and non-pulsed odors of hostplant and conspecific pheromone. Second instars showed decreased straightness of movement, and all larvae showed decreased speed, in response to potato odor. Change in straightness by 2nd instars was also significantly affected by the interaction of pheromone and pulsing treatments. Fourth instars showed increased positive anemotaxis in response to the combined hostplant and pheromone odors. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of larval behavioral responses to adult pheromone in a holometabolous insect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere

Hammock

Vinyard

Dickens

2007

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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“…A logical assumption is that wireworm larvae use CO, gradients in nature to locate their food. This role for CO, has already been postulated for a number of species of insects having diverse food requirements and feeding habits (Willis and Roth 1954; Volume 107 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1249 Klingler 1958;Paim and Beckel 1964;Stadler 1971Stadler , 1972. Its importance in host location by mosquitoes is also well known (Willis and Roth 1952;Brown et al 1951;Wright and Kellogg 1962).…”

Section: Possible Ecological Signijicance Of the Response Of Wirewormmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The larvae of 0 . brunneum were observed to respond to low but undetermined C 0 2 gradients (Paim and Beckel 1964). Kellogg (1970), in an electrophysiological study, established that the CO, receptors of Aedes aegypti responded to an increase of 0.01%, the smallest stimulus of this gas that was available.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of C Destructor To Comentioning

confidence: 96%

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THE ORIENTATION RESPONSE OFCTEMCERA DESTRUCTORAND OTHER WIRE WORMS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) TO GERMINATING GRAIN AND TO CARBON DIOXIDE

Doane¹,

Lee²,

Klingler³

et al. 1975

Can Entomol

114

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Can. Ent. 107: 1233-1252 (1975) Several species of wireworms were attracted to germinating wheat, air from flasks of germinating wheat, decomposing oatmeal, commercial CO, and, in addition, germinating seeds of eight other cultivated plant species. Larvae located a biological or experimental source of CO, by a directed movement along CO, gradients, from distances up to 20 cm.Methods and apparatus for measuring small CO, gradients, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, are described. Ctenicera destructor (Brown) larvae apparently responded to CO, gradients between glass plates, that ascended on the average by 0.0028 (soil) and 0.0058 (agar)/cm over a distance of from 12 to 16 cm. The "sensitivity threshold" was calculated as being 1-2 ppm over the distance involved in one deflection of the head during klinotactic orientation. Attractancy was observed within a range of CO, concentration from about 0.0368 to 1.5%. Repellent effects did not appear to be only related to concentration, but possibly were due to steepness of the gradient and(or) previous exposure to CO,.Passing an air stream from germinating grain over a KOH solution eliminated the attractancy of the grain by removing the CO, and possibly other undetected attractants. A small percentage of C. destructor larvae apparently oriented to an ethylene source, but it was concluded the CO, was the most important if not the only attractant from germinating wheat seeds. General MethodsThe wireworms used for the majority of the experiments were Ctenicera destructor (Brown) and Agriotes obscurus-lineatus (L.). Observations were also made on Limonius californicus (Mannerheim) and Hypolithus bicolor Eschscholtz. The Agriotes larvae were collected from pastures in Switzerland, near Wadenswil and Horgen in the autumn and near Egnach in the spring. The remaining species mentioned above were collected near Saskatoon, Sask.The A. obscurus-lineatus, L. californicus, and H . bicolor larvae were brought to room temperature (22-25°C) 24-48 h before being used in experiments. The C . destructor larvae were put in individual dishes at 15OC for at least 2 weeks and then transferred to room temperature (ca. 25°C) for testing. None of the larvae was fed before any of the experiments.The response of larvae to the stimulus offered by a germinating seed or a source of CO, was observed and recorded following the general method of Klingler (1958). A thin layer of soil was sprinkled on a 3 0 x 30 cm glass plate on which a germinating seed or seeds had been placed. The soil and seed were then covered by a second glass plate held 2.4 mm above the bottom plate by supports in each comer. If CO, was used as the stimulus, a No. 22 hypodermic needle 15 cm long was taped to the bottom of the top plate at any desired point between the plates before the soil was applied. The hypodermic needle was connected to a 125-or a 50-ml flask filled with COZ4 and with an automatic syringe which allowed injection speeds ranging from 0.2 to 60 mllh.Larvae to be tested for a response were introduce...

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“…CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2 ) IS an attractant for a number of soil-dwelling organisms, including numerous insect larvae (Klingler 1957;Moursi 1962;Paim and Beckel 1963b;Klingler 1965Klingler , 1966Moursi 1970;Städler 1971;Meeking et al 1974;Doane et al 1975;Jones and Coaker 1977;Strnad et al 1986;Bernklau and Bjostad 1998), insect adults (Moursi 1962, Paim andBeckel 1963), mites (Moursi 1962(Moursi , 1970, chilopods (Moursi 1970), nematodes (Klingler 1961(Klingler , 1965Gaugler et al 1980;Prot 1980;Dusenbery 1987;Johnson et al 1993;Robinson 1995), and bacteria (Scher et al 1985). Although subterranean termites are among the most abundant and widely distributed soil insects, they have apparently never been tested for attraction to CO 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Attraction of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera) to Carbon Dioxide

Bernklau

Fromm

Judd

et al. 2005

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Subterranean termites, Reticulitermes spp., were attracted to carbon dioxide (CO2) in laboratory and field tests. In behavioral bioassays, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Reticulitermes tibialis Banks, and Reticulitermes virginicus Banks were attracted to CO2 concentrations between 5 and 50 mmol/mol. In further bioassays, R. tibialis and R. virginicus were attracted to the headspace from polyisocyanurate construction foam that contained 10-12 mmol/mol CO2. In soil bioassays in the laboratory, more termites foraged in chambers containing CO2-generating formulations than in unbaited control chambers. In field tests, stations containing CO2-generating baits attracted R. tibialis away from wooden fence posts at rangeland sites in Colorado. For all of the CO2 formulations tested, termites foraged in significantly more bait stations at treatment fenceposts than in bait stations at the control fenceposts. By the end of the 8-wk study, the number of bait stations located by termites at treatment fenceposts ranged from 40 to 90%. At control fenceposts, termites foraged in only a single station and the one positive station was not located by termites until week 5 of the study. At treatment fenceposts, termites foraged equally in active stations (containing a CO2-generating bait) and passive stations (with no CO2-generating bait), indicating that bait stations may benefit passively from a proximal CO2 source in the soil. CO2 used as an attractant in current baiting systems could improve their effectiveness by allowing earlier exposure of termites to an insecticide.

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The Behavior of the Larvae of Orthosoma Brunneum (Forster) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Relation to Gases Found in the Logs Inhabited by the Larvae

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere

Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere

THE ORIENTATION RESPONSE OFCTEMCERA DESTRUCTORAND OTHER WIRE WORMS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) TO GERMINATING GRAIN AND TO CARBON DIOXIDE

Attraction of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera) to Carbon Dioxide

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