The Behaviour and Social Organization of the New Forest Ponies

Tyler, Stephanie

doi:10.1016/0003-3472(72)90003-6

Cited by 432 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In natural horse societies, stable linear dominance hierarchies are formed with occasional reversals and triangles (Feh, 2005;feral horse: Houpt and Keiper, 1982;Keiper and Sambraus, 1986;Tyler, 1972;Wells and Goldschmidt-Rothschild, 1979; Przewalski horse: Boyd and Houpt, 1994;Feh, 1988). Dominance gives a priority of access to limited resources (water, food…) and therefore may be difficult to observe in environments where food (e.g.…”

Section: Stable Dominance Hierarchymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mother remains a foal's preferred partner for quite a long time (e.g. at 6 months of age, foals are still spending 40% of the time with their dam as closest neighbour, Crowell-Davis and Weeks, 2005;Tyler, 1969). However, the foal starts interacting with other foals and its father after 2-3 weeks (Feh, 2005;Tyler, 1969).…”

Section: Development Of Social Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…at 6 months of age, foals are still spending 40% of the time with their dam as closest neighbour, Crowell-Davis and Weeks, 2005;Tyler, 1969). However, the foal starts interacting with other foals and its father after 2-3 weeks (Feh, 2005;Tyler, 1969). There is a switch of interest over time with more and more time spent with other foals or other family members (Boyd, 1988;Crowell-Davis, 1986;McDonnell and Poulin, 2002;Tyler, 1972).…”

Section: Development Of Social Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring aggression regulation in managed groups of horses Equus caballus

Fureix

Bourjade²,

Henry

et al. 2012

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms 1 Exploring aggression regulation in managed groups of horses Equus caballusAbstract. Horses are highly social animals that have evolved to live in social groups.However, in modern husbandry systems, single housing prevails where horses experience social isolation, a challenge-to-welfare factor. One major reason for this single housing is the owners' concerns that horses may injure each other during aggressive encounters. However, in natural conditions, serious injuries due to aggressive encounters are rare. What could therefore explain the claimed risks of group living for domestic horses? Basing our questioning on the current knowledge of the social life of horses in natural conditions, we review different practices that may lead to higher levels of aggression in horses and propose practical solutions.Observations of natural and feral horses mostly indicate a predominance of low frequencies and mild forms of aggression, based on subtle communication signals and ritualized displays and made possible by group stability (i.e. stable composition), dominance hierarchy and learning of appropriate social skills by young horses. Obviously, adults play a major role here in canalizing undesirable behaviours, and social experience during development, associated with a diversity of social partners, seems to be a prerequisite for the young horse to become socially skilled.Given the natural propensity of horses to have a regulation of aggression in groups, the tendency to display more aggression in groups of domestic horses under some management practices seems clearly related to the conditions offered. We therefore review the managing practices that could trigger aggressiveness in horses. Non social practices (space, resource availability) and social practices (group size, stability of membership, composition and opportunities for social experiences during development) in groups of domestic horses are discussed here.2 Finally, we propose simple practical solutions leading to more peaceful interactions in groups of domestic horses, based on the knowledge of horses' natural social life which therefore should be enhanced (e.g. ensuring roughage availability, favouring group stability,, introducing socially experienced adults in groups of young horses;…). The state of the art indicates that many questions still need to be answered. Given the importance of the associated welfare issues and the consequences on the use of horses, further research is required, which could benefit horses… and humans.

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Section: Stable Dominance Hierarchymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Social Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Social Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring aggression regulation in managed groups of horses Equus caballus

Fureix

Bourjade²,

Henry

et al. 2012

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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“…The advantage in resource conflict given to more formidable competitors has been found in species as distantly related as the sea anemone (Brace & Pavey, 1978), amphipods (Connell, 1963), beetles (Eberhard, 1979), African buffalo (Sinclair, 1977), crayfish (Hazlett, Rubenstein & Ritschoff, 1975), field crickets (Hofmann & Schildberger, 2001), green sunfish (Hale, 1956), mice (Ginsberg & Allee, 1942), golden hamsters (Marques & Valenstein, 1977), and New Forest ponies (Tyler, 1972). A particularly dramatic example was found by Petrie (1984) who studied territory size in the moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) and found that relative male weight was a RHP with reference to others (for a review of the non-primate animal literature see Huntingford and Turner, 1987, for primate examples see Smuts et al, 1987).…”

Section: Design Of Animal Conflict and Selection Pressures In The Asymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying adaptationism to human anger: The recalibrational theory.

Sell¹

2011

Human Aggression and Violence: Causes, Manifestations, and Consequences.

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In the late 1960s and early 1970s, evolutionary biology underwent a scientific revolution in which poorly defined models of evolutionary change were replaced with a theoretically rigorous program of research that integrated the major findings of evolutionary biology, animal behavior, and genetics. This integration included a method, known as the adaptationist program, for identifying and describing design in organisms, a method that matches the engineering requirements inherent in adaptive problems to features in the organism that are designed to solve those problems.In this chapter, I apply the methods of the adaptationist program to human anger. The resultant theory, called the recalibrational theory, states that anger is the output of a cognitive mechanism designed by natural selection to negotiate conflicts of interest. The causes of anger, the behavior it produces, the factors that mitigate it, and its effects on physiology, perception, and cognition can be explained by reference to this adaptive function.In brief, the recalibrational theory states that anger is a system designed by natural selection to recalibrate the weight another individual places on the angry person's interests so that they become less likely to impose costs or deny benefits to the angry individual. Anger deploys two main strategies to convince the target to treat the angry individual better: (a) toward those with

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“…Though, social live takes different shapes in equids, for species, which live in wide grasslands, such as the Serengeti Plain of Tanzania (Moehlman 2002), the valleys of Hustai National Park in Mongolia (King and Gurnell 2005) and the "Great Basin" in northern America (Berger 1986), food and water resources are sufficient enough to allow females to feed together and to thus form stable groups, which consist of one or more mares, their offspring and usually one, but occasionally up to five males (i.e. referred to as "harem" or "family, Tyler 1972, Berger 1977, Moehlman 2002. Surplus stallions gather in separate bachelor bands that differ in size from 2 to approximately 17 horses (Berger 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social feeding decisions in horses (Equus caballus)

Krüger

Flauger

2008

Behavioural Processes

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Like many other herbivores, in a natural environment equids feed on rather evenly distributed resources. However, the vegetation in their vast habitats constantly changes. If food is plentiful only little competition occurs over food, and in non-competitive situations domestic horses tend to return to the same feeding site until it is overgrazed. In contrast, they compete over limited food for which the social status of the individuals appears to be important. Especially in ruminants several studies have proved an influence of social organisations, rank, sex and the depletion of feeding sites on the feeding behaviour of individuals. However, it is not yet understood whether and how social aspects affect horses´ feeding decisions. Curiosity about the influence of social rank on the horses´ feeding decisions between two, equally with high-quality surplus food filled buckets placed in different social feeding conditions, led us to create the test below. The observer horses were alternately tested with a dominant and a subordinate demonstrator placed in one of three different positions. We conclude that domestic horses use social cognition and strategic decision making in order to decide where to feed in a social feeding situation. When possible they tend to return to the same, continuously supplied feeding site and switch to an "avoidance tendency" in the presence of dominant horses or when another horse is already feeding there. Thus, the social rank and the position of conspecifics affect the feeding strategy of horses.

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The Behaviour and Social Organization of the New Forest Ponies

Cited by 432 publications

References 52 publications

Exploring aggression regulation in managed groups of horses Equus caballus

Exploring aggression regulation in managed groups of horses Equus caballus

Applying adaptationism to human anger: The recalibrational theory.

Social feeding decisions in horses (Equus caballus)

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