The behaviour of a low-productive non-pretreated V2O5–TiO2 (anatase) catalyst for oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride

A pseudo-local heat transfer approach in a low tube to particle diameter ratio packed bed catalytic reactor: Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane as a case study

“…Because of its high sensitivity to the operating conditions [1,13,14], a diversity of one [28][29][30] and two [1,5,8,9,12,13,15,21,[31][32][33] dimensional models, such as pseudo-homogeneous models [1,5,8,9,12,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]31,[33][34][35][36], pseudo-heterogeneous models [3,7,16,27,37] or heterogeneous models [38][39][40][41][42][43], have been assessed. Some models (~5%) have accounted for fluid dynamics [5,33], while others (~ 95%) follow the conventional plug flow approach [1]<...…”

The effect of cesium and antimony promoters on the performance of Ti-phosphate-supported vanadium(V) oxide catalysts in selective oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride

“…In high temperatures, this phase is changed with presence of vanadia aggravates and can cause permanent deactivation of the catalyst and also decrease in conversion and selectivity to phthalic anhydride [8][9][10][11][12]. One method for avoiding this phase change is to add acidic elements such as phosphorus to titania [13].…”

An example of quality control of fine chemical intermediates: related impurity analysis of industrial phthalic anhydride by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

“…In addition, the concentration of PA in airborne particles in the working environment has been determined by reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) analysis of phthalic acid (Pa), the aqueous hydrolysis product of PA [7]. However, there have been no reports of the analysis of related impurities in industrial PA by HPLC, because the interest of researchers has mainly focused on the behavior of the oxidation catalysts [8][9][10].…”