The behaviour of beef cattle at pasture

Kilgour, R.; Uetake, Katsuji; Ishiwata, Toshie; Melville, Gavin J.

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.12.001

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Root mean square dimensionalities 2 Percent horizontal accuracy used in the cell phone industry 3 USA Japan 1 How to make conversions using this table. Horizontal statistics are the product of multiplying the vertical statistics by the appropriate cell value; an example: rms 2 = rms 1 × 1.41; 2 The square root of the one dimensional mean rms 1 or North error and for rms 2 , the horizontal error representing the square root of the mean of the squared horizontal error; 2 drms is twice the horizontal rms, i.e., 2 drms = 2 × rms 2 ; 3 Refers to the radii of circles, centered at the antenna position containing between 67 and 98 percent of the points in a scatter plot; 4 Circular Error Probable (CEP) refers to the radius of a circle, centered at the antenna position, ontaining 50% of the points in a scatter plot. It should NEVER be associated with another percentage.…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obtaining both accurate and precise cattle behavior data is essential to understand and subsequently manage free-ranging animals. Of the 40 different behaviors cattle can engage in [2], 95% of them can be classified into one of four main activities: foraging, walking, standing, or lying [3]. Foraging is probably of greatest interest to most land stewards because of the impact it has on animal dominated landscapes, especially when these landscapes are required to supply goods and services beyond providing adequate nutrition for free-ranging animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereafter, sight and stop-watches remained the sole tools for documenting free-ranging animal behavior for many years [9]. Today observation still remains a powerful and useful tool for documenting free-ranging animal behavior [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]; however, it has limitations especially during periods of darkness [3] and following extended periods of continuous observation when fatigue can accentuate observer bias [17]. Furthermore, the mere presence of an observer can impact both wildlife [18] and domestic animal [19,20] behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Cattle Data—A Plea for Protocol Standardization

Anderson¹,

Estell²,

Cibils³

2013

POS

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It was not until the end of the 1990's that animal born satellite receivers catapulted range cattle ecology into the 21st century world of microchip technology with all of its opportunities and challenges. With the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), insight about how cattle use a landscape is being revealed from previously unknown temporal and spatial behaviors. The most common system to date for studying ungulate movement is the global positioning system (GPS). With its use has come a clarity and completeness in documenting spatial and temporal data in new and exciting ways that offer almost unlimited possibilities to better understand and manage economic and societal returns from animal dominated landscapes. However, its use on free-ranging cattle is not without challenges, some of which are yet to be optimally solved. To maximize the usefulness of GNSS data, consideration must be given to: 1) developing a standardized protocol for reporting and analyzing research that facilitates interpretation of results across different ecosystems; 2) develop optimum ranges over which to collect satellite fixes depending upon the particular behaviors of interest; and 3) concurrently develop electronic hardware and equipment platforms that are easily deployed on animals and that are light, robust, and can be worn by cattle for extended periods of time without human intervention (e.g., changing batteries). Once data are collected, appropriate geographic information system (GIS) based models should be used to produce a series of products that can be used to implement flexible management strategies, some of which may support methodologies that are yet to be commercialized and adopted into future plant-animal interface management routines.

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Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spatiotemporal Cattle Data—A Plea for Protocol Standardization

Anderson¹,

Estell²,

Cibils³

2013

POS

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“…To find the labelled animals, we used a binocular. The problem of the "flight zone" (distance kept from strangers) was managed using a pick-up truck (Malechek and Field, 1975;Kilgour et al, 2012). The typical behavioural patterns (grazing, fighting, and nursing) were recorded with a digital video camera.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weather Regulated Cattle Behaviour on Rangeland

Halász¹

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. Cattle behaviour depends both on internal factors (breed, age, oestrus, hierarchy, body homeostasis) and external factors (air temperature, humidity, wind speed, paddock size, grass quality and quantity). In our study we present how weather conditions modify behaviour and daily walked distance. Direct observations of Hungarian grey cows and calves were carried out in Eastern Hungary on a rangeland called Hortobagy. Meteorological, spatial and behavioural data were collected using weather stations, GPS collars and ethogram recordings. Data showed a positive correlation between daily walked distance and atmospheric pressure (r=0.389, P<0.05). Animals consistently used the same daily routes and resting sites. Moreover, frequency of metabolic behaviour (grazing, rumination, drinking, defecation, and urination) depended significantly on type of weather fronts experienced on the day following the examined day (r=0.445, P<0.05). These weather fronts were classified according to the system developed by Peczely. In summary, our study suggests that Hungarian grey cattle show specific behavioural patterns during low-pressure conditions. Therefore, understanding their behavioural responses to different environmental factors may help to improve the handling techniques of extensively farmed beef cattle. As behavioural adaptation is usually driven by the neuroendocrine system, we suggest that this type of regulation could also depend on environmental changes, therefore, this relationship needs further research.

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“…Most of the forage intake by cattle occurs in the daytime: the two most important grazing periods are observed at dawn and at dusk (Kilgour, Uetake, Ishiwata, & Melville, 2012); between these well marked periods there usually are short periods of consumption. In general, the grazing is influenced by the demands of the animal, the quantity and quality of pasture, and by the spatial distribution and morphology of the plants; all these factors affect the consumption and consequently livestock production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Grazing behavior and spatial distribution of feces of Young bulls in silvopastoral systems and Marandu monoculture in the Pre-Amazon region

Araújo

Rodrigues

Costa

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT.The objective was to evaluate the grazing behavior and the spatial distribution of feces of F1 young bulls from the cross between Nellore and Guzera on pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in silvopastoral systems composed of babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) and Marandu monoculture in the Pre-Amazon region of the state of Maranhão. Animals were evaluated in four systems consisting of 0, 80, 131, 160 palms ha -1 , characterizing monoculture (mono), low density of palm trees (LD), medium density of palm trees (MD) and high density of palm trees (HD) during the rainy (RE) and dry (DE) periods. Five animals (repetitions) were used in each system, with 231-303 days of age and 180±15 kg body weight. Determinations of behavioral patterns were made by instant sampling, at 10 min intervals. In each system, we demarcated 50 squares of 100 m 2 , which served as useful area to evaluate the dispersion of feces. The grazing behavior was influenced by the sward structure, which, in turn, was influenced by densities of palm trees, due to shading. The distribution of feces was affected by both the presence of babassu plantations and periods. The silvopastoral systems made the environment more pleasant to animals, since activities considered more stressful and avoided during the daytime were performed by animals of these environments, unlike animals in the monoculture system. Keywords: babassu, sward structure, dispersal, idle, palm trees, rumination.Comportamento de pastejo e distribuição espacial de fezes de tourinhos em sistemas silvipastoris e monocultura de capim-Marandu na região pré-amazônica RESUMO. Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento de pastejo e a distribuição espacial de fezes de tourinhos F1 do cruzamento de Nelore com Guzerá em pastagens de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu em sistemas silvipastoris compostos por palmeiras de babaçu (Attalea speciosa) e em monocultivo de capim-Marandu na região pré-amazônica maranhense. Os animais foram avaliados em quatro sistemas, sendo 0, 80, 131, 160 palmeiras ha -1 , caracterizando monocultura (mono), baixa densidade de palmeiras (BDP), média densidade de palmeiras (MDP) e alta densidade de palmeiras (ADP), respectivamente, durante os períodos chuvoso (PC) e seco (PS). Foram utilizados cinco animais (repetições) em cada sistema, os animais tinham entre 231 e 303 dias de vida e peso vivo de 180±15 kg. As medidas dos padrões comportamentais foram realizadas por colheita instantânea, a intervalos de 10 min. Em cada sistema foram demarcados 50 quadrados de 100 m 2 , que serviram como área útil para avaliar a dispersão das fezes. Observou-se que o comportamento de pastejo foi influenciado pela estrutura do pasto, que por sua vez foi influenciado pelas densidades de palmeiras pelo sombreamento e a distribuição das fezes foi influenciada tanto pela presença dos babaçuais quanto pelos períodos avaliados. Os sistemas silvipastoris tornaram o ambiente mais agradável aos animais, visto que as atividades consideradas mais estressantes e que são evitadas durante o dia foram reali...

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The behaviour of beef cattle at pasture

Cited by 54 publications

References 22 publications

Spatiotemporal Cattle Data—A Plea for Protocol Standardization

Spatiotemporal Cattle Data—A Plea for Protocol Standardization

Weather Regulated Cattle Behaviour on Rangeland

<b>Grazing behavior and spatial distribution of feces of Young bulls in silvopastoral systems and Marandu monoculture in the Pre-Amazon region

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