The behaviour of fuel-nitrogen during fast pyrolysis of polyamide at high temperature

Leichtnam, Jean-Noël; Schwartz, Dominique; Gadiou, Roger

doi:10.1016/s0165-2370(00)00075-9

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The formation of NH 3 is suggested to take place mainly in the solid phase in reactions that simultaneously form char. This hypothesis is in line with the results for the polyamide nylon 6,6 [19]: when pyrolyzed at 800 • C, the HCN yield increased by a factor of 7 when the gas residence time was increased from 0.33 to 1.70 s. However, the NH 3 yield was independent of the gas residence time in the investigated range. At 1000 • C, more HCN and less NH 3 were formed than at 800 • C [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The linear amides (Fig. 2) urea [5], nylon 6,6 [19], and the proteins poly-L-leucine and poly-L-proline [6] all form HNCO under pyrolysis. Urea lacks the functional group -CHR-NH-, which nylon 6,6, as well as poly-L-leucine and poly-L-proline, has.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, urea does not form HCN as the other linear amides do. All of the above-mentioned linear amides form ammonia under pyrolysis [5,6,19]. Urea has primary amine groups, nylon 6,6 and poly-L-leucine mainly contain secondary amine groups (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds

Hansson

Samuelsson²,

Tullin³

et al. 2004

Combustion and Flame

316

213

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bark pellets have been pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed reactor at temperatures between 700 and 1000 • C. Identified nitrogen-containing species were hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH 3 ), and isocyanic acid (HNCO). Quantification of HCN and to some extent of NH 3 was unreliable at 700 and 800 • C due to low concentrations. HNCO could not be quantified with any accuracy at any temperature for bark, due to the low concentrations found. Since most of the nitrogen in biomass is bound in proteins, various protein-rich model compounds were pyrolyzed with the aim of finding features that are protein-specific, making conclusions regarding the model compounds applicable for biomass fuels in general. The model compounds used were a whey protein isolate, soya beans, yellow peas, and shea nut meal. The split between HCN and NH 3 depends on the compound and temperature. It was found that the HCN/NH 3 ratio is very sensitive to temperature and increases with increasing temperature for all compounds, including bark. Comparing the ratio for the different compounds at a fixed temperature, the ratio was found to decrease with decreasing release of volatile nitrogen. The temperature dependence implies that heating rate and thereby particle size affect the split between HCN and NH 3 . For whey, soya beans, and yellow peas, HNCO was also quantified. It is suggested that most HCN and HNCO are produced from cracking of cyclic amides formed as primary pyrolysis products. The dependence of the HNCO/HCN ratio on the compound is fairly small, but the temperature dependence of the ratio is substantial, decreasing with increasing temperature. The release of nitrogen-containing species does not seem to be greatly affected by the other constituents of the fuel, and proteins appear to be suitable model compounds for the nitrogen in biomass.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds

Hansson

Samuelsson²,

Tullin³

et al. 2004

Combustion and Flame

316

213

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These elemental analysis show that 37 wt% of the nitrogen contained in the pristine precursor is kept in the final material. Previous studies on the carbonization of similar nitrogen containing molecules have shown that an important fraction of the nitrogen evolve as ammonia and hydrogen cyanide [24]. 3 Characterization of the nanotructured materials…”

Section: Nanostructured Materials Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of new nitrogen-doped nanostructured carbon materials obtained by templating of mesoporous silicas with aminosugars

Gadiou

Didion

Gearba

et al. 2008

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The presence of CO and CO2 in significant quantities in pyrolysis runs can be attributed to 274 the oxygen content in the FPUF structure and also these compounds can be formed from the 275 decomposition of carboxylic acids evolved at low temperatures (Leichtnam et al, 2000). The 276 production of both compounds increased with temperature as a consequence of the thermal 277 degradation of heavier compounds (Paabo and Levin, 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant emissions during the pyrolysis and combustion of flexible polyurethane foam

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

10Thermal decomposition of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) was studied under 11 nitrogen and air atmospheres at 550ºC and 850ºC using a laboratory scale reactor to analyse 12 the evolved products. Ammonia, hydrogen cyanide and nitrile compounds were obtained in 13 high yields in pyrolysis at the lower temperature, whereas at 850ºC polycyclic aromatic 14 hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other semivolatile compounds, especially compounds containing 15 nitrogen (benzonitrile, aniline, quinolone and indene) were the most abundant products. This is a previous version of the article published by Elsevier in Waste Management. 2016, 52: 138-146.

show abstract

The behaviour of fuel-nitrogen during fast pyrolysis of polyamide at high temperature

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds

Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds

Synthesis and properties of new nitrogen-doped nanostructured carbon materials obtained by templating of mesoporous silicas with aminosugars

Pollutant emissions during the pyrolysis and combustion of flexible polyurethane foam

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About