The behaviour of Anopheles minimus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) subjected to differing levels of DDT selection pressure in northern thailand

Nustsathapana, Suthas; Sawasdiwongphorn, Phorn; Chitprarop, Udom; Cullen, J. R.

doi:10.1017/s0007485300014772

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Because of routine IRS using DDT, An. minimus populations have decreased dramatically along the peninsula and have almost disappeared from the central plains of Thailand (Nutsathapana et al 1986). The species complex, however, remains abundant in the foothill and forest fringe areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species complex, however, remains abundant in the foothill and forest fringe areas. Explanations range from poor coverage by IRS to differences in adult vector behavior (greater exophagy) in areas in which IRS has been applied (Nutsathapana et al 1986). It has been speculated that the feeding habits of An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Thailand, at least three related species are present (Sucharit et al 1988, Baimai 1989, Green et al 1990): species A is found throughout the country; whereas species C and D are more commonly collected along the western Thai-Myanmar border, including Kanchanaburi Province (Baimai 1989). This complex has been reported to be primarily zoophilic in feeding habits, preferring to feed and rest out of doors, especially in response to indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides (Nutsathapana et al 1986). Behavioral avoidance of structures by the An.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Abundance and Blood Feeding Activity of Anopheles minimus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand

Chareonviriyaphap

Prabaripai

Bangs³

et al. 2003

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Anopheline mosquito larvae and adults were sampled at Ban Pu Teuy, Tri-Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand, from January 2000 to December 2001. Over the period of 2 yr, Anopheles minimus sensu lato was the most commonly collected species, followed by Anopheles swadiwongporni and Anopheles dirus sensu lato; all three species are important vectors of malaria in Thailand. Attempted blood feeding by An. minimus occurred throughout the night, with two distinct feeding peaks: strong activity immediately after sunset (1800-2100 hours), followed by a second, less pronounced, rise before sunrise (0300-0600 hours). Anopheles minimus were more abundant during the wet season compared with the dry and hot seasons, although nocturnal adult feeding patterns were similar. Anopheles minimus fed readily on humans inside and outside of houses, showing a slight preference for exophagy. The human-biting peak of An. minimus in our study area differed from other localities sampled in Thailand, indicating the possible existence of site-specific populations of An. minimus exhibiting different host-seeking behavior. These results underscore the importance of conducting site-specific studies to accurately determine vector larval habitats and adult activity patterns and linking their importance in malaria transmission in a given area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Abundance and Blood Feeding Activity of Anopheles minimus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand

Chareonviriyaphap

Prabaripai

Bangs³

et al. 2003

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“…In fact in some regions, An. darlingi has become exclusively exophagic, arguably in response to indoor residual spraying (IRS) [8] which has reduced the number of endophilic species [9]. Such behavioural adaptations to these current protection methods, emphasize the need for another line of defence against disease transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fresh, dried or smoked? repellent properties of volatiles emitted from ethnomedicinal plant leaves against malaria and yellow fever vectors in Ethiopia

Dube

Tadesse

Birgersson

et al. 2011

Malar J

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BackgroundIn the search for plant-based mosquito repellents, volatile emanations were investigated from five plant species, Corymbia citriodora, Ocimum suave, Ocimum lamiifolium, Olea europaea and Ostostegia integrifolia, traditionally used in Ethiopia as protection against mosquitoes.MethodsThe behaviour of two mosquitoes, the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis and the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti, was assessed towards volatiles collected from the headspace of fresh and dried leaves, and the smoke from burning the dried leaves in a two-choice landing bioassay and in the background of human odour.ResultsVolatile extracts from the smoke of burning dried leaves were found to be more repellent than those from fresh leaves, which in turn were more repellent to mosquitoes than volatiles from dried leaves. Of all smoke and fresh volatile extracts, those from Co. citriodora (52-76%) and Oc. suave (58-68%) were found to be the most repellent, Os. integrifolia (29-56%) to be intermediate while Ol. europaea (23-40%) and Os. integrifolia (19-37%) were the least repellent. One volatile present in each of the fresh leaf extracts of Co. citriodora, Oc. suave and Os. integrifolia was ß-ocimene. The levels of ß-ocimene reflected the mosquito repellent activity of these three fresh leaf extracts. Female host-seeking mosquitoes responded dose-dependently to ß-ocimene, both physiologically and behaviourally, with a maximal behavioural repulsion at 14% ß-ocimene. ß-ocimene (14%) repels mosquitoes in our 6-minute landing assays comparable to the synthetic insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (10% DEET).ConclusionsVolatiles in the smoke of burning as well as fresh leaves of Co. citriodora and Oc. suave have significant repellent properties against host seeking An. arabiensis and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. ß-ocimene, present in the fresh leaf headspace of Co. citriodora, Oc. suave and Os. integrifolia, is a significantly effective volatile mosquito repellent in the laboratory. In addition to its repellent properties, ß-ocimene has long approved safe for use in food and cosmetics, making this volatile an intriguing compound to pursue in further tests in the laboratory and field to validate its mosquito repellent activity and potential for use in a commercial product. Also, the landing bioassay with humanised membranes is a potentially useful repellent screening technique that does not require the exposure of humans to the vectors, however further tests in parallel with conventional techniques are advised.

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“…This is reßected in the high degree of endophily and endophagy exhibited by the dominant malaria vectors worldwide: Anopheles gambiae s.l. Giles and Anopheles funestus Giles in Africa (Gillies and DeMeillon 1968), Anopheles minimus Theobald in much of Asia (Nutsathapana et al 1986, Jana-Kara et al 1995, Van Bortel et al 1999, Anopheles stephensi Liston in urban India (Sharma et al 1993), and Anopheles darlingi Root in parts of South America (Roberts et al 1987). The ability to enter houses has evolved in some mosquito species and, more speciÞcally, within some species populations but not others (Trpis and Hausermann 1978).…”

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Importance of Eaves to House Entry by Anopheline, But Not Culicine, Mosquitoes

Dilger²,

et al. 2009

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Screening homes is an effective way of reducing house entry by mosquitoes. Here, we assess how important blocking the eaves is for reducing house entry by anopheline and culicine mosquitoes for houses that have screened doors and no windows. Twelve houses, with two screened doors and no windows, in which a single adult male slept, were included in a simple crossover design. In the first period, six houses were randomly selected and had the eaves blocked using a mixture of rubble and mortar; the other six were left with open eaves. Mosquitoes were sampled using CDC light traps from each house twice a week for 4 wk. Mosquito control activities and the number and type of domestic animals within the compound was recorded on each sampling occasion. Before beginning the second sampling period, homes with blocked eaves had them opened, and those with open eaves had them closed. Mosquitoes were then sampled from each house for a further 4 wk. When houses had their eaves closed, a three-fold reduction in Anopheles gambiae s.l. Giles caught indoors was observed. However, there was no reduction in total culicine numbers observed. This study demonstrates that the eaves are the major route by which An. gambiae enters houses. By contrast, culicine mosquitoes enter largely through doors and windows. Sealing the eave gap is an important method for reducing malaria transmission in homes where doors and windows are screened.

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The behaviour of Anopheles minimus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) subjected to differing levels of DDT selection pressure in northern thailand

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Seasonal Abundance and Blood Feeding Activity of <I>Anopheles minimus</I> Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand

Seasonal Abundance and Blood Feeding Activity of <I>Anopheles minimus</I> Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand

Fresh, dried or smoked? repellent properties of volatiles emitted from ethnomedicinal plant leaves against malaria and yellow fever vectors in Ethiopia

Importance of Eaves to House Entry by Anopheline, But Not Culicine, Mosquitoes

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