The behaviour of wood crib fires under free burning and fire whirl conditions

Influence of Compartment Fire Behavior at Ignition and Combustion Development Stages on the Operation of Fire Detectors

“…During fires in buildings and enclosed spaces, self-sustaining combustion is coupled with combustion caused by another flame source (neighboring burning objects). Diab et al [20] present the results of comparing the combustion behavior of wooden constructions under such conditions. In both cases, the combustion and flame spread rates were found to be almost identical.…”

“…Such objects include residential buildings, business premises and warehouses. According to [19,20,[26][27][28], wood is one of the most common and fire-hazardous materials. Wood is widely used in construction, finishing and furniture manufacturing.…”

Numerical simulation on temperature in wood crib fires

“…where () f  is the reaction model; m 0 , m t and m  are sample mass at the initial time, time t, and the final moment. k is the reaction rate constant, 1/s; A is the pre-exponetial factor, or frequency factor, 1/s; E is the activation energy, kJ/mol; R is universal gas constant, 8.314×10 -3 kJ/(molK); and T is reaction temperature, K. Based on the pyrolysis rate of pine from Atryea [19], 1.26×10 5 kJ/mol.K and 5.1×10 11 1/s are used for E and A in this paper. The activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A can be input by users in FDS.…”

“…Equations (11) and (12) are the ways to predict flammable limits LFL and UFL for hydrocarbons [35]. (11) UEL=3.5 Cst (12) where 0.55 and 3.5 are constants and Cst is the stoichiometric concentration which can be expressed as Eq. (13), in volume % of fuel in mixture.…”

“…It is important to understand the fire behavior of burning wood. Wood cribs had been used for studying building fires for many years [9][10][11][12]. However, how to simulate accurately by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a very important issue.…”