The beneficial and deleterious role of dietary polyphenols on chronic degenerative diseases by regulating gene expression

Qu, Guojing; Chen, Jinhua; Guo, Xiu-Li

doi:10.5582/bst.2018.01172

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Intestinal epithelium, besides nutrient absorption, provides a barrier controlling the entrance of microorganisms, their metabolic products and toxins as well as toxins present in ingested foods [194]. Due to anti-inflammatory action, flavonoids could protect the integrity of the intestinal barrier [192,195,196]. Flavanol epicatechin and flavonol quercetin suppressed systemic inflammation in rodent models of overfeeding (high fructose and high fat diets) [197][198][199].…”

Section: Effects Of Flavonoids On Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents

et al. 2020

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Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds subdivided into 6 groups: isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins found in a variety of plants. Fruits, vegetables, plant-derived beverages such as green tea, wine and cocoa-based products are the main dietary sources of flavonoids. Flavonoids have been shown to possess a wide variety of anticancer effects: they modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activities, participate in arresting the cell cycle, induce apoptosis, autophagy, and suppress cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Flavonoids have dual action regarding ROS homeostasis—they act as antioxidants under normal conditions and are potent pro-oxidants in cancer cells triggering the apoptotic pathways and downregulating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This article reviews the biochemical properties and bioavailability of flavonoids, their anticancer activity and its mechanisms of action.

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Section: Effects Of Flavonoids On Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents

et al. 2020

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“…Biologically active substances also show a protective effect against neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, as well as cerebral ischemia) due to their antioxidant effect [ 645 ]. The protective effect of phytochemicals against age-related diseases can be mediated by changes in patterns of gene expression, a decrease in chronic inflammation, and the activity of intestinal microbiota [ 642 , 646 ]. A pineal gland hormone and a key regulator of circadian rhythms, melatonin, is a powerful antioxidant.…”

Section: Pharmacological Interventions Protecting Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors

Proshkina

Shaposhnikov

Moskalev

2020

IJMS

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Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: (1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; (2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; (3) improving DNA damage response and repair; (4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.

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“…Health-promoting effects of polyphenols and methylxanthines have been widely shown. Polyphenols, in particular, show free radical scavenging and metal chelating effects, and are recognized as strong modulators of redox sensitive-pathways which are capable of counteracting cell and tissue oxidative damage in several chronic human pathologies, including inflammatory gut diseases and colorectal cancer [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Cocoa Bean Shell against Intestinal Damage: An Example of Byproduct Valorization

et al. 2021

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Background: Cocoa bean shell (CBS), a main byproduct of cocoa processing, represents a source of components such as polyphenols and methylxanthines, which have been associated with a reduced risk of several diseases. Therefore, CBS has potential application as a food ingredient. Intestinal mucosa is exposed to immune and inflammatory responses triggered by dietary agents, such as oxysterols, which derive from cholesterol oxidation and are pro-oxidant compounds able to affect intestinal function. We aimed at investigating the capability of the Forastero cultivar CBS, added or not added to ice cream, to protect against the intestinal barrier damage induced by a dietary oxysterol mixture. Methods: Composition and antioxidant capacity of in vitro digested CBS and CBS-enriched ice cream were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical-scavenging assay, respectively. CaCo-2 cells differentiated into enterocyte-like monolayer were incubated with 60 µM oxysterol mixture in the presence of CBS formulations. Results: The oxysterol mixture induced tight junction impairment, interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 cell release, and oxidative stress-related nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 response Nrf2. Both CBSs protected cells from these adverse effects, probably thanks to their high phenolic content. CBS-enriched ice cream showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Theobromine, which is in high concentrations of CBS, was also tested. Although theobromine exerted no effect on Nrf2 expression, its anti-inflammatory cooperating activity in CBS effect cannot be excluded. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CBS-enriched ice cream may be effective in the prevention of gut integrity damage associated with oxidative/inflammatory reactions.

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The beneficial and deleterious role of dietary polyphenols on chronic degenerative diseases by regulating gene expression

Cited by 14 publications

References 91 publications

Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents

Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents

Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors

Protective Effect of Cocoa Bean Shell against Intestinal Damage: An Example of Byproduct Valorization

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