The beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on controlling blood pressure: An umbrella meta-analysis

Abstract

Several meta-analyses have revealed that n-3 PUFAs can lower blood pressure, but the findings are conflicting. In this regard, the present umbrella meta-analysis aimed was performed to clarify whether n-3 PUFAs have effects on blood pressure. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were used as international databases from inception to May 2022. To examine the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on blood pressure, a random-effects model was applied. The leave-one-out method was performed for the sensitivity analysis. The pooled estimate of 10 meta-analyses with 20 effect sizes revealed significant reductions in both systolic (ES = −1.19 mmHg; 95% CI: −1.76, −0.62, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (ES = −0.91 mmHg, 95% CI: −1.35, −0.47; p < 0.001) following n-3 PUFAs supplementation. In studies with a sample size of ≤ 400 participants and a mean age over 45, SBP and DBP were found to be substantially reduced. Overall, this umbrella meta-analysis indicates that n-3 PUFAs supplementation might play a role in improving DBP and SBP.

Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: An umbrella systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Various meta‐analyses and RCTs have suggested that omega‐3 PUFAs supplementation might reduce serum levels of ALT, AST, GGT, and lipid content in NAFLD patients 8,11 . PPARs are activated by omega‐3 PUFAs, which impair the expression and activity of lipogenic enzymes andgenes, namely acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1c (SREBP‐1c), carbohydrate responsive element‐binding protein (ChREBP), and HMG‐CoA reductase 21–25 . The activity and expression of PPAR may also increase lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, an enzyme involved in liver lipid metabolism and inflammation 26–28 .…”

“…8,11 PPARs are activated by omega-3 PUFAs, which impair the expression and activity of lipogenic enzymes andgenes, namely acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), and HMG-CoA reductase. [21][22][23][24][25] The activity and expression of PPAR may also increase lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, an enzyme involved in liver lipid metabolism and inflammation. [26][27][28] In addition, omega-3 PUFA consumption is thought to enhance the omega-3 PUFAs to omega-6 ratio in cells, which in turn results in a reduction in arachidonic acid-derived inflammatory eicosanoids and further inhibits liver fat accumulation.…”

n-3 PUFA poor seafood consumption is associated with higher risk of gout, whereas n-3 PUFA rich seafood is not: NHANES 2007–2016

“…Recent studies have revealed a strong link between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and anti-inflammatory impacts ( 3 – 5 ). Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analysis have noted that n-3 PUFAs exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on multiple non-communicable diseases, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( 3 ), colorectal cancer ( 4 ), type 2 diabetic mellitus ( 5 ), bipolar disorder ( 6 ), mental disorders ( 7 ), polycystic ovary syndrome ( 8 ), heart failure ( 9 ), hypertension ( 10 ), and rheumatoid arthritis ( 11 ). With respect to gout, experiments in vitro noted that n-3 PUFAs could inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes via downstream effects of a two-signal initiation system ( 12 , 13 ), including suppression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) via Toll-like receptor 4 and Toll-like receptor 2 ( 14 ) and assembly of the inflammasome and activation of caspase-1 ( 15 ).…”

Omega-3 PUFAs as a Dietary Supplement in Senile Systemic Amyloidosis

“…Omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6) ( Figure 1 A), which are the main components in oil derived from fish and other marine organisms, when used as a dietary supplement, have several benefits for human health. Although the omega-3 PUFAs real role in major cardiovascular risks is currently controversial, they may help to reduce the development of coronary heart diseases by decreasing hypertriglyceridemia [ 1 ], blood pressure [ 2 ], and the chronic immune-inflammatory response that underlies atherosclerosis [ 3 ]. Other interesting effects of EPA and DHA may derive from their antioxidant activities [ 4 , 5 ].…”