The Benefit of Additional Oviposition Targets for a Polyphagous Butterfly

Johansson, Josefin; Bergström, Anders; Janz, Niklas

doi:10.1673/031.007.0301

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The selective pressure of search time limitation was also important in a previous study in which gravid butterflies given access to an additional host species laid more eggs than butterflies with only one available host (Johansson et al 2007). Since none of the selective pressures we measured other than host abundance correlated with relative percent host use, our study does not explain differences in fall webworm host breadth between Colorado and East Coast populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, specialized females searching for rare hosts spend more time vulnerable to attack by natural enemies, and may not be able to lay a full complement of eggs. The ability to use additional hosts can reduce search time and result in more oviposition opportunities, translating into a higher percentage of eggs laid (Johansson et al 2007). Greater resource availability may also benefit larvae that leave or fall from their original host plants (Bernays and Minkenberg 1997).…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trade-offs in host choice of an herbivorous insect based on parasitism and larval performance

Murphy

Loewy

2015

Oecologia

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Herbivore diet breadth is predicted to evolve in response to both bottom-up and top-down selective pressures, including host plant abundance, quality and natural enemy pressure. As the relative importance and strength of interactions change over an herbivore's geographic range, local patterns of host plant use should change in response, altering local diet breadths. Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) is a widespread, polyphagous moth species that feeds on hundreds of plant species worldwide. Populations of fall webworm in Colorado remain polyphagous, but their diet breadth is restricted compared to other populations and thus present an ideal opportunity to test the ecological drivers of host use by a polyphagous herbivore. We investigated how host abundance, larval performance, and parasitism affect host use for fall webworm to test how these selective pressures may act individually or in concert, as well as the role of any trade-offs among fitness components, to explain diet breadth and host use. We found that host abundance was a significant predictor of host use, which suggests a selective pressure to reduce search time for oviposition sites by adult females. We also detected an important trade-off between bottom-up and top-down selective pressures: higher quality host plants also had a greater proportion of larval mortality due to parasitism. Local patterns of host plant abundance appear to narrow the set of hosts used by fall webworms in Colorado, while the trade-off between host quality and risk of parasitism helps explain the maintenance of a generalized feeding strategy within this restricted set of hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs in host choice of an herbivorous insect based on parasitism and larval performance

Murphy

Loewy

2015

Oecologia

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“…Although the evolution of physiological adaptations of herbivores (physiological specialists) to overcome specific toxic constituents in their host plants is commonly observed (i.e. increasing specialization), the opposite direction may also evolve through the development of a more generalist foraging strategy (behavioral generalists) [ 7 , 8 ]. By using a generalist foraging strategy, herbivores can reduce the negative impact of particular toxins in specific plant species by "diluting" these toxins as they utilize a broader range of different food plant species [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coevolution of Cyanogenic Bamboos and Bamboo Lemurs on Madagascar

Ballhorn¹,

Rakotoarivelo²,

Kautz³

2016

PLoS ONE

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Feeding strategies of specialist herbivores often originate from the coevolutionary arms race of plant defenses and counter-adaptations of herbivores. The interaction between bamboo lemurs and cyanogenic bamboos on Madagascar represents a unique system to study diffuse coevolutionary processes between mammalian herbivores and plant defenses. Bamboo lemurs have different degrees of dietary specialization while bamboos show different levels of chemical defense. In this study, we found variation in cyanogenic potential (HCNp) and nutritive characteristics among five sympatric bamboo species in the Ranomafana area, southeastern Madagascar. The HCNp ranged from 209±72 μmol cyanide*g-1 dwt in Cathariostachys madagascariensis to no cyanide in Bambusa madagascariensis. Among three sympatric bamboo lemur species, the greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus) has the narrowest food range as it almost exclusively feeds on the highly cyanogenic C. madagascariensis. Our data suggest that high HCNp is the derived state in bamboos. The ancestral state of lemurs is most likely "generalist" while the ancestral state of bamboo lemurs was determined as equivocal. Nevertheless, as recent bamboo lemurs comprise several "facultative specialists" and only one "obligate specialist" adaptive radiation due to increased flexibility is likely. We propose that escaping a strict food plant specialization enabled facultative specialist bamboo lemurs to inhabit diverse geographical areas.

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“…Differences between geographically separated populations are largely influenced by major genes on the X chromosome (often called Z in the Lepidoptera) ( Janz, 1998( Janz, , 2003Nygren et al , 2006 ), while differences within and between geographically connected populations appear to be influenced by several autosomal genes, some with additive effects ( Nylin et al , 2005 ). However, the preference hierarchy can apparently be modified following environmental input: oviposition decisions can be altered by frequency and availability of alternative host plants (Janz et al , 2005a;Johansson et al , 2007 ), and possibly by proximity of adult feeding resources ( Janz, 2005 ). Still, following the reasoning above, we predicted that females of this butterfly should not make use of larval cues in its oviposition decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No effect of larval experience on adult host preferences in Polygonia c‐album (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): on the persistence of Hopkins’ host selection principle

Janz

Söderlind

Nylin

2009

Ecological Entomology

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1. The possible effect of juvenile imprinting or 'chemical legacy' on the subsequent oviposition -often called the 'Hopkins' host selection principle' -has been a controversial but recurrent theme in the literature on host-plant preference. While it appears possible in principle, experimental support for the hypothesis is equivocal. The present study points out that it is also important to consider its theoretical implications, and asks under what circumstances, if any, it should be favoured by natural selection.2. Following this reasoning, it is predicted that host preference in the polyphagous butterfly Polygonia c-album L. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) should not be influenced by larval environment. This was tested by rearing larvae on three natural host plants: the high-ranked Urtica dioica and the medium-ranked Salix cinerea and Ribes uva-crispa , and exposing the naive females to oviposition choices involving the same set of plants.3. It was found that larval host plant had no effect on oviposition decisions of the adult female. Hence, the Hopkins' host selection principle does not seem to be applicable in this species.4. Based on recent insights on how accuracy of environmental versus genetic information should affect the control of developmental switches, the conditions that could favour the use of juvenile cues in oviposition decisions are discussed. Although the Hopkins' host selection hypothesis cannot be completely ruled out, we argue that the circumstances required for it to be adaptive are so specific that it should not be invoked as a general hypothesis for host selection in plant-feeding insects.

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The Benefit of Additional Oviposition Targets for a Polyphagous Butterfly

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Trade-offs in host choice of an herbivorous insect based on parasitism and larval performance

Trade-offs in host choice of an herbivorous insect based on parasitism and larval performance

Coevolution of Cyanogenic Bamboos and Bamboo Lemurs on Madagascar

No effect of larval experience on adult host preferences in Polygonia c‐album (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): on the persistence of Hopkins’ host selection principle

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