“…Therefore, reactors with thin immobilized films have been developed to overcome deficiencies of slurry systems. The catalyst in this reactor is bonded to a solid substrate such as activated carbon (Shi et al, 2008), fiber-optic cables (Lim et al, 2009), fiberglass (Yu et al, 2006), glass beads (Verbruggen et al, 2011), quartz sand (Choy et al, 2008), silica gel (Zainudin et al, 2010), and stainless steel (Chen and Dionysiou, 2006). Dip coating from suspension, spray coating, sputtering, sol-gel related methods, and electrophoretic deposition (De Lasa et al, 2005;Hosseini et al, 2007) are techniques used to immobilize T i02 catalysts on these substrates.…”