The Benefits of Coronavirus Suppression: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Response to the First Wave of COVID-19 in the United States

Broughel, James; Kotrous, Michael

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3783563

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…While COVID-19 was initially deemed by some governments as ''the great equalizer'' (Crawley, 2021;Coleman & Mullin-McCandish 2021), public health measures implemented to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, while effective, have had unequal implications for people within communities and globally (Marmot & Allen, 2020). Limitations to people's social freedoms, social isolation, and the impact on countries' economies as a result of efforts to curb the spread of COVID-19 have been widespread (Broughel & Kotrous, 2021). Additionally, since the scientific communities succeeded in producing several COVID-19 vaccines, there has been inequitable vaccine distribution within and among countries, leading to what has been termed as vaccine poverty (Hyder et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapid increase in individuals infected with COVID-19, along with mortality in the early phase of the pandemic, prompted significant public health responses from governments globally. The public health measures implemented during the first wave of the pandemic in countries like China, Thailand, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States to prevent further transmission were centered on physical distancing, lockdown measures, and closure of productive activities (Anderson et al, 2020;Broughel & Kotrous, 2021;Gibertoni et al, 2021;Triukose et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The social determinants of health and health outcomes among adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review

Green

Fernandez

MacPhail

2021

Public Health Nursing

122

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Objective: To synthesize the best available evidence on the relationship between the social determinants of health and health outcomes among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.Introduction: COVID-19 has created widespread global transmission. Rapid increase in individuals infected with COVID-19 prompted significant public health responses from governments globally. However, the social and economic impact on communities may leave some individuals more susceptible to the detrimental effects. Methods: A three-step search strategy was used to find published and unpublished papers. Databases searched included: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. All identified citations were uploaded into Endnote X9, with duplicates removed. Methodological quality of eligible papers was assessed by two reviewers, with meta-synthesis conducted in accordance with JBI methodology. Results: Fifteen papers were included. Three synthesized-conclusions were established (a) Vulnerable populations groups, particularly those from a racial minority and those with low incomes, are more susceptible and have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 including mortality; (b) Gender inequalities and family violence have been exacerbated by COVID-19, leading to diminished wellbeing among women; and (c) COVID-19 is exacerbating existing social determinants of health through loss of employment/income, disparities in social class leading to lack of access to health care, housing instability, homelessness, and difficulties in physical distancing. Conclusion: Reflection on social and health policies implemented are necessary to ensure that the COVID-19 pandemic does not exacerbate health inequalities into the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social determinants of health and health outcomes among adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review

Green

Fernandez

MacPhail

2021

Public Health Nursing

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A decision-tree analytic model was implied in four studies [33,39,40,42] . The others used different approaches including a dynamic COVID-19 microsimulation model [26] , a decision-analytic model deploying a Monte Carlo simulation [29] , multi-region discrete-time mathematical modeling [35] , the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) model [31] , and the Penn Wharton model [41] .…”

Section: Study Design and Time Horizonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effectiveness of Public Health Strategies on COVID-19 Control: A Systematic Review

Rayanakorn¹,

Leong²,

Chaiprom³

et al. 2022

Prog Micobes Mol Biol

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The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the greatest public health challenges imposing significant economic and societal costs. A wide range of public health interventions (PHIs) have been implemented to control the virus, with many aggressive measures that led to economic downturn and social calamity. However, evidence concerning their impacts in terms of costs and benefits of the best buy strategy is limited. This systematic review aimed to provide a critical summary of full economic evaluations (EEs) to inform decisions concerning their adoptions. A systemic search in 7 relevant databases and other sources were conducted. Out of 11,584 and 11 records identified from databases and other sources, a total 31 full EEs focusing on PHIs were included. Majority of studies included were in good quality and from the US and upper-middle, and high-income countries whereas only 6 studies were from low and middle-income countries. Suppression/containment was the most deployed strategy (n = 19), followed by screening/detection (n = 8), and protection (n = 4). Aggressive elimination strategy usually results in more lives or QALYs saved compared to mitigation strategies but at a very high cost. The trade-off between aggressive and loose suppressions depends on several factors including timing of implementation, duration, epidemiological characteristics of the virus, and the healthcare capacity. Tight and timely adoption of effective intervention at the early stage of pandemic is key in shrinking the number of cases. Using a combination approach is generally more cost-effective compared to a single intervention. Personal protective measure is highly cost-effective in protecting healthcare workers in a high prevalence scenario and when it is adopted together with social distancing strategy. Future studies to address the flaws of current evidence are warranted. This review provides important insights regarding adoption of PHIs and their cost-effectiveness which would be useful to inform policy decisions in response to COVID-19 and future pandemics.

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“…In general, the level of net profit in SME sector due to the Covid-19 pandemic has decreased by 62.8%. Therefore, SMEs need to manage [8] and minimize Business Cost during a Pandemic by designing and implementing a cost control measure or controlling expenses to minimize expenses (Cost Reduction) [9], increasing the visibility of expenditure while reducing total expenditure (Spend Management) and optimize both processes; cost reduction and spend management [10].…”

Section: Financial Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SME Condition During Covid 19 Pandemic: Financial And Business Overview

Suryani

Zulfikar

Vitria³

2021

International Journal of Science, Technology & Management

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The Covid-19 outbreak has become a global problem and has caused economicproblems in various sectors including the SME sector. This research was conductedto examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the business conditions of SMEswhich later can be used by policy makers in determining the right actions toovercome financial problems in the SME sector.This research was conducted in the province of South Kalimantan using primarydata. Sampling was done by purposive sampling with an instrument in the form of aquestionnaire. This study used a sample of 233 respondents. The data analysistechnique was performed using the analysis of the validity and reliability of theinstrument and quantitative descriptive analysis to describe the financial conditionsof SMEs and the affected business / corporate sectors. The results of this study foundthat (1) There was a significant difference to the financial condition of SMEs beforeand after the pandemic, where there was a decrease in gross income (-41.6%) andthe level of profit in the SME sector (-62.8%) in general (2) Some of the impacts ofthe Covid Pandemic -19 regarding the business conditions of SMEs, namely (a)there are still many SMEs that have not been able to sell online, (b) there has beenan increase in raw materials, (c) the majority of SMEs have difficulty obtaining rawmaterials, (d) there is a decrease in motivation and work productivity which issignificant, (e) there are still many SMEs that experience a shortage of cash andmany SMEs are in arrears of liabilities, (f) but the majority of SMEs still believethey will survive and pass the pandemic.

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The Benefits of Coronavirus Suppression: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Response to the First Wave of COVID-19 in the United States

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The social determinants of health and health outcomes among adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review

The social determinants of health and health outcomes among adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review

Cost-effectiveness of Public Health Strategies on COVID-19 Control: A Systematic Review

The SME Condition During Covid 19 Pandemic: Financial And Business Overview

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