The best-fitting model(s) of equal risk contribution: evidence from environmental-friendly portfolio

Abstract

PurposeThis research aims to select the best-fitting model(s) of equal risk contribution portfolios (ERC). ERC is a robust estimation in the absence of reasonable expectations about future returns.Design/methodology/approachThe portfolio consists of five environmental-friendly exchange-traded funds (ETFs). It applies equal risk optimization, beneficial when the assets are firmly linked, such as the ETFs. This paper operationalizes 20 covariance models in portfolio construction, and a portfolio with classic covariance is the benchmark to beat. To select the best-fitting model(s), the paper applies statistical inferences of the model confidence set. This research also constructs the newly-developed minimum connectedness optimization method and utilizes maximum drawdown as the primary evaluation tool.FindingsThe outbreak of COVID-19 hugely impacts the portfolio drawdown. The results also show that the classic covariance is hard to beat, partly explained by estimation error and model misspecification. This paper suggests that equal risk contribution can benefit from copula-based covariance. It consistently and significantly outperforms the other models in various robustness tests.Practical implicationsIn the absence of substantial predictions about future returns and the existence of strongly linked assets, selecting appropriate portfolio components by risk contribution is a sound choice.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to select the best-fitting model(s) of ERC portfolio during the COVID-19.

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“…As outlined by [11], co-citation analysis is a bibliometric network analysis method used to explore the intellectual structure within scholarly research domains. It examines the frequency of co-citation, where two authors are cited together in a set of citing studies, providing valuable insights into their perceived connection or affinity [62]. Social network analysis is a valuable tool for researchers to visualize and comprehend intricate relationships, including co-citation and cross-citation structures.…”

Guest editorial: Green and sustainable corporate finance: past, present and future

“…In the seventh paper, Nugroho intends to select the best-fitting model(s) of equal risk contribution (ERC) portfolios, which is a robust estimation approach in the absence of reasonable expectations about future returns. Nugroho (2022) examined a portfolio consisting of five environmentally friendly exchange-traded funds and operationalized 20 covariance models in portfolio construction, and a portfolio with classic covariance is the benchmark to beat. After using statistical inferences of the model confidence set to find the best fitting model, the author found that ERC can benefit from copula-based covariance and that the outbreak of COVID-19 hugely impacts the portfolio drawdown.…”