The bi-direction tuning of work function by authigenic buffer layer in all polymer solar cells

Li, Hongai; Zhang, Rui; Qu, Yi; Zhang, Jidong

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.03.185

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…UPS was performed to probe the electronic structure characteristics of the HEA-NP@CNF composite materials (Figure ). Figure A illustrates the work function; the minimum energy required for an electron to be removed from the sample and escape to vacuum. , Figure B shows UPS spectra of Mg@CNF (red), Cr@CNF (blue), and Mn@CNF (purple) samples using a He(I) excitation source. The middle panel shows the full spectrum for each of the samples, whereas the left panel shows a zoomed in view at the secondary electron cut off ( E cutoff ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental Core Level Shift in High Entropy Alloy NanoparticlesviaX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis and First-Principles Calculation

Guo

Bloom

et al. 2020

ACS Nano

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High entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) are expanding their influence in many fields. To explore the electronic structures in such multielemental systems, HEA-NPs were synthesized on two different carbon substrates through carbothermal shock and in situ reduction methods. The relationship between the apparent core level energy shifts (negative or positive) and the electron density changes among the components of quinary-metal HEA-NPs was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and first-principles electronic structure calculations. It was found that Cu displays a negative core level shift while Fe, Co, Mg, Cr, and Mn display a positive core level shift. While experiments show an apparent positive core level shift for Ni, electronic structure calculations reveal that this arises from shifts in the Fermi level and that the electron density redistribution in Ni behaves more like Cu than the other elements. The findings show that the electron density redistribution in the NPs occurs from less electronegative elements to more electronegative ones. This work should guide the design of HEA-NPs to expand their potential applications in mechanical structures, medicine, catalysis, and energy storage/conversion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%