The Bi-factor model of repetitive negative thinking: Common vs. unique factors as predictors of depression and anxiety

Funk, Julia; Takano, Keisuke; Schumm, Hannah; Ehring, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101781

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Embora possua caracterização semelhante a diversos transtornos, ressalta-se que a manifestação do comportamento difere em conteúdo, a depender da variável a que está associado (McEvoy et al, 2013). Por sua natureza intrusiva, passiva, repetitiva e uma consequente dificuldade de desprendimento, o PRN abrange duas principais características: (1) preocupação, associada aos pensamentos negativos sobre assuntos relacionados ao futuro; e (2) a ruminação, caracterizada por pensamentos negativos sobre acontecimentos passados (Funk et al, 2022;Salazar et al, 2020).…”

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“…Ademais, a caracterização transdiagnóstica do PRN pressupõe sua relação com múltiplas condições clínicas (Funk et al, 2022). Isso porque considerar os modelos transdiagnósticos pode ser mais eficaz no tratamento e redução das perturbações afetivas e suas comorbidades, em comparação às abordagens pautadas em diagnósticos tradicionais, focadas em transtornos específicos (Mohammadkhani et al, 2023), que muitas vezes desconsideram a natureza onipresente das possíveis comorbidades e, assim, aumentam a lacuna entre a pesquisa e a prática profissional (Ehring & Behar, 2020).…”

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Rebellious yet apathetic: System justification and learned helplessness in collective action

Bezerra de Medeiros,

de Araújo,

de Carvalho Sousa

et al. 2024

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Introdução: o pensamento repetitivo negativo (PRN) pode ser caracterizado como pensamentos intrusivos sobre preocupações (atuais, passadas ou futuras), experiências negativas e autocríticas, manifestando-se de forma excessiva e persistente. Em um processo transdiagnóstico, identifica-se que o PRN contribui para o aparecimento e manutenção de transtornos múltiplos. O presente estudo objetivou adaptar a Persistent and Intrusive Negative Thoughts Scale (PINTS) para o contexto brasileiro, averiguando as qualidades psicométricas do instrumento. Método: procedeu-se a dois estudos com participantes de diferentes estados brasileiros. No estudo 1 (n = 258), foi realizada a adaptação da PINTS e uma análise fatorial exploratória. No estudo 2, (n = 270), foi realizada uma análise fatorial confirmatória além de reunidas evidências de validade convergente. Resultados: primeiramente, o estudo 1 apontou uma estrutura unifatorial da medida. A partir do estudo 2, foram corroboradas a estrutura unifatorial e a adequada consistência interna (precisão), o que demonstrou que a PINTS se relacionou positivamente com a afetividade negativa (estresse, ansiedade e depressão) e com a ansiedade cognitiva de provas. Conclusão: conclui-se que a PINTS apresentou qualidades métricas satisfatórias, sendo uma medida curta e de fácil aplicação, podendo ser uma ferramenta útil para pesquisadores que buscam investigar o PRN desadaptativo e os seus correlatos.

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Rebellious yet apathetic: System justification and learned helplessness in collective action

Bezerra de Medeiros,

de Araújo,

de Carvalho Sousa

et al. 2024

Sumapsi

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“…Yet, RNT is now understood as a transdiagnostic process: it is a risk factor for, and elevated within, most Axis I disorders [2,7], although most related to depression and anxiety [8]. And rumination and worry are now recognized as more similar than distinct [1,2,4,9]: factor analysis reveals that many rumination and worry items load onto a common factor that is more strongly associated with depression and anxiety than specific rumination and worry factors [9][10][11][12][13]; but see also [14]. The definitions of rumination and worry also clearly overlap: both thinking patterns are repetitive, difficult to control, and negatively valenced (although with somewhat different content, such as focus on the past vs. future; e.g., [1,2,4]; Figure 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Our account, which we describe in detail below, offers some key advantages over prior work. First, it outlines conditions under which meta-control is more likely to fail (resulting in worry or rumination) vs. when it is more likely to be [4,[8][9][10][11][13][14][15]).…”

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confidence: 99%

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From Tripping and Falling to Ruminating and Worrying: A Meta-Control Account of Repetitive Negative Thinking

Hitchcock,

Frank

2023

Preprint

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Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic construct that encompasses rumination and worry, yet what precisely is shared between rumination and worry is unclear. To clarify this, we develop a meta-control account of RNT. Meta-control refers to the reinforcement and control of mental behavior via similar computations as reinforce and control motor behavior. We propose rumination and worry are coarse terms for failure in meta-control, just as tripping and falling are coarse terms for failure in motor control. We delineate four meta-control stages and risk factors increasing the chance of failure at each, including open-ended thoughts (stage 1), individual differences influencing subgoal execution (stage 2) and switching (stage 3), and challenges inherent to learning adaptive mental behavior (stage 4). Distinguishing these stages therefore elucidates diverse processes that lead to the same behavior of excessive RNT. Our account also subsumes prominent clinical accounts of RNT into a computational cognitive neuroscience framework.

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Repetitive Negative Thinking as a Predictor of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Outcomes in a Naturalistic Outpatient Treatment

Krzikalla,

Buhlmann,

Andor

et al. 2024

Cogn Ther Res

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Background Previous research has reported associations between various forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT; e.g., rumination, worry, and the content-independent process of RNT) and the onset and maintenance of psychological disorders. Additionally, reductions in RNT are linked to improved treatment outcomes, primarily based on findings from randomized controlled trials. This study examined RNT in the context of outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in routine clinical care. Methods We investigated the predictive value of RNT in a sample of 506 patients from an outpatient clinic and postgraduate training center for CBT, all of whom received CBT for various mental health conditions. Of these, 256 (50.6%) presented with depressive disorder, and we repeated our analyses using only this subsample. We assessed content-independent RNT, brooding, and worrying at pre- and post-assessment. General psychopathology and depression were assessed at pre- and post-assessment as well as at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Results There were significant reductions in general psychopathology and depression between pre-assessment and all subsequent assessments. All forms of RNT showed significant reductions from pre- to post-assessment. These reductions predicted general psychopathology and depression at post-assessment. At follow-up, findings were mixed, with only some forms of RNT being significantly associated with treatment outcome. Conclusions Naturalistic CBT reduced general psychopathology and depression, as well as content-independent RNT, rumination, and worrying. Change in all forms of RNT predicted reductions in general psychopathology and depression at post-assessment. This study highlights the relevance of addressing different forms of RNT in therapeutic interventions.

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The Bi-factor model of repetitive negative thinking: Common vs. unique factors as predictors of depression and anxiety

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Rebellious yet apathetic: System justification and learned helplessness in collective action

Rebellious yet apathetic: System justification and learned helplessness in collective action

From Tripping and Falling to Ruminating and Worrying: A Meta-Control Account of Repetitive Negative Thinking

Repetitive Negative Thinking as a Predictor of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Outcomes in a Naturalistic Outpatient Treatment

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