The bias in estimating accessibility inequalities using gravity-based metrics

Giannotti, Mariana Abrantes; Tomasiello, Diego Bogado; Bittencourt, Taina Andreoli

doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103337

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, studies in this approach have been criticized for a descriptive focus on inequalities without a linkage to normative principles about how access should be distributed fairly (Martens et al, 2022). Delbosc & Currie, 2011;Dixit & Sivakumar, 2020;El-Geneidy et al, 2016;Ellwood, 1986;Foth et al, 2013;Giannotti et al, 2022;Golub & Martens, 2014;Grise et al, 2019;Guzman et al, 2017;Hess, 2005;Hu et al, 2017;Jang & Lee, 2020;Kawabata, 2003;Kawabata & Shen, 2007;Liu & Kwan, 2020;Manaugh & Geneidy, 2012;Paez et al, 2013;Pereira et al, 2019;Slovic et al, 2019;Yeganeh et al, 2018 Disparities in access to other activities: Complementing disparity analyses, sufficiency analyses have emerged as another approach to social disadvantage in accessibility studies. The guiding question of this approach has been whether a person or a group has enough of accessibility to meet their basic needs.…”

Section: Approaches To Assess Social Disadvantage and Needs Satisfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies that consider other types of costs usually include monetary expenses, such as public transport ticket or vehicle operating costs, which have been considered in cumulative measures (Currie, 2004;El-Geneidy et al, 2016;Herszenhut et al, 2022), gravity-measures (Bocarejo & Oviedo, 2012;Giannotti et al, 2022;Guzman et al, 2017;Liu & Kwan, 2020) and in utility-measures (Cohen, 2020;Cui & Levinson, 2018;Dixit & Sivakumar, 2020). This integration is important since multiple studies have shown how the accessibility levels of low-income populations are easily overestimated without considering the monetary costs (Bocarejo & Oviedo, 2012;El-Geneidy et al, 2016;Liu & Kwan, 2020).…”

Section: Approaches To Assess Social Disadvantage and Needs Satisfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measuring just accessibility within planetary boundaries

Willberg¹,

Tenkanen²,

Miller³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Our societies are wrestling with the problem of how to provide a good life for all without overconsuming environmental resources. Consequently, the search for approaches that simultaneously inspect the environmental and social goals of sustainability have become increasingly popular in many disciplines. In transport research, accessibility is a key tool to characterize linkages between people, transport, and land use. In the current paper, we propose a conceptual framework for measuring just accessibility within planetary boundaries. We first carry out a review of transport studies and discover a substantial body of literature on accessibility and social disadvantage, much vaster compared to the body of literature around environmental and ecological impacts of accessibility. We also show a gap in approaches that have integrated these two perspectives. Building on the review, we move forward by suggesting a conceptual framework for incorporating environmental and social sustainability goals in accessibility research. We conclude the paper by pointing to some key challenges and research avenues related to the framework, including (i) dealing with uncertainty and complexity in socio-ecological thresholds, (ii) developing ways to measure accessibility through other metrics than travel time, and (iii) integrating both quantitative and qualitative data.

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Section: Approaches To Assess Social Disadvantage and Needs Satisfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approaches To Assess Social Disadvantage and Needs Satisfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring just accessibility within planetary boundaries

Willberg¹,

Tenkanen²,

Miller³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consequently, this limitation may result in an underestimation of the transit inequity faced by affordable housing residents. Notably, the conclusions drawn from any study are contingent on the measure of transit accessibility employed, and different measures can potentially yield varying results and implications ( 73 , 74 ).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Equity: A Method for Analyzing the Transit Accessibility of Affordable Housing Units

Guo

Brakewood

Hightower

et al. 2023

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Improving transit access for people in low-income communities is an important consideration for transit providers. However, there has only been a limited amount of research on the transit accessibility of affordable housing units. This paper aims to develop a method for evaluating the transit equity of existing affordable housing units and propose easy-to-implement modifications to local bus services to increase transit accessibility levels (assuming housing locations do not change in the short term). The proposed method has three steps, and it is applied to three cities in Tennessee with primarily bus-based transit systems. The first step measures the transit accessibility of specific affordable housing locations and citywide transit accessibility levels using a web-based platform built using open-source software. The second step evaluates the transit equity of affordable housing programs at the city level using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients, and the transit equity of specific affordable housing locations by proposing a simple inequity index. The results reveal that the level of transit equity for affordable housing units differs across housing programs and cities. In the third step, an example of a modification to a local bus route is evaluated for one affordable housing location with a high inequity index to demonstrate the applicability of the method. The substantial increase in accessible jobs after modification, from 135 to 6,400, highlights the potential effectiveness of implementing short-term transit service changes to improve the accessibility of existing affordable housing locations. This three-step method primarily relies on open datasets that are also available for other regions in the U.S.A.

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“…It is in cities that the inherent and rapid increase in social and spatial unevenness is most noticed (Cassiers and Kesteloot 2012). Scholars are studying urban inequalities across a broad range of thematic areas such as housing ownership (Madden and Marcuse 2016), accessibility to opportunities (Pereira et al 2021; Giannotti, Tomasiello, and Bittencourt 2022), energy poverty (Robinson 2019), disparities in internet use (Singleton, Alexiou, and Savani 2020), digitization (Graham and Dittus 2022), and the analysis of policies for inclusive urban development (Faber 2021). Findings indicate that the cumulative impacts of inequalities unfold across many dimensions of well‐being (social, economic, political, and environmental) and are fundamentally related to issues of spatial justice (Soja 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing Urban Inequalities as a Complex Socio‐Technical Phenomenon

Nelson,

Warnier,

Verma

2023

Geographical Analysis

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The United Nations World Social Report (2020) reveals that more than two thirds of the world's population live in countries where urban inequalities have increased in the last three decades. While urban inequalities are traditionally characterized as an economic issue, scholars are increasingly applying methods from geospatial analysis to study them. In the context of these advancements, it remains unclear what underlying perspectives are guiding decisions to concentrate on certain aspects of urban inequalities, while potentially ignoring others. We address this gap by reviewing the literature centered on the geospatial analysis of urban inequalities and identify three predominant research lenses from accessibility, distribution, and policy and stakeholder perspectives. As a primary contribution of this article, we connect the perspectives with ideas drawn from complexity theory to develop an overarching socio‐technical framework for how urban inequalities emerge over space and time. While traditional scientific frameworks seek to increase knowledge through causality, complexity science acknowledges the inherent challenges in defining, understanding and solving complex problems such as urban inequalities, which has profound implications for their representation, modeling and interpretation. We critically reflect on the framework through key relational themes and insights drawn from the literature and close with considerations for future research.

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The bias in estimating accessibility inequalities using gravity-based metrics

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Measuring just accessibility within planetary boundaries

Measuring just accessibility within planetary boundaries

Evaluating Equity: A Method for Analyzing the Transit Accessibility of Affordable Housing Units

Conceptualizing Urban Inequalities as a Complex Socio‐Technical Phenomenon

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