The bidirectional link between HDL and COVID-19 infections

Feingold, Kenneth R.

doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100067

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling also indicates a shift to fatty acid oxidation in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, which may indicate a metabolic switch to fuel viral replication ( 104 , 111 ). However, similar alterations in serum lipoproteins and lipid metabolism have also been reported in patients with trauma ( 112 ), ARDS ( 113 ), and other infections ( 114 ), suggesting that the dysregulation of lipid metabolism observed in COVID-19 patients reflects a common metabolic shift in response to critical illness, rather than a unique signature of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most studies report that the levels of HDL and LDL return to baseline after recovery.…”

Section: Lipidomics Of Covid-19supporting

confidence: 54%

The roles of lipids in SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and the host immune response

Theken¹,

Tang²,

Sengupta³

et al. 2021

Journal of Lipid Research

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The significant morbidity and mortality associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has underscored the need for novel antiviral strategies. Lipids play essential roles in the viral life cycle. The lipid composition of cell membranes can influence viral entry by mediating fusion or affecting receptor conformation. Upon infection, viruses can reprogram cellular metabolism to remodel lipid membranes and fuel the production of new virions. Further, several classes of lipid mediators, including eicosanoids and sphingolipids, can regulate the host immune response to viral infection. Here we summarize the existing literature on the mechanisms through which these lipid mediators may regulate viral burden in COVID-19. Further, we define the gaps in knowledge and identify the core areas in which lipids offer therapeutic promise for SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Lipidomics Of Covid-19supporting

confidence: 54%

The roles of lipids in SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and the host immune response

Theken¹,

Tang²,

Sengupta³

et al. 2021

Journal of Lipid Research

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, COVID-19 outcomes are more severe in individuals with dyslipidemia, in particular, low HDL-C [103]. As outlined here, these individuals have a heightened cytokine response when challenged with LPS; a similar response when challenged with SARS-CoV-2 may perhaps contribute to the cytokine storm, particularly as HDL-C levels decrease even further in COVID-19 [104]. The heightened inflammatory response may be further exacerbated if also coupled with a trained immune response.…”

Section: Impact Of Functional Changesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Nature versus Number: Monocytes in Cardiovascular Disease

Williams

Mack

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Monocytes play a key role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) as their influx into the vessel wall is necessary for the development of an atherosclerotic plaque. Monocytes are, however, heterogeneous differentiating from classical monocytes through the intermediate subset to the nonclassical subset. While it is recognized that the percentage of intermediate and nonclassical monocytes are higher in individuals with CVD, accompanying changes in inflammatory markers suggest a functional impact on disease development that goes beyond the increased proportion of these ‘inflammatory’ monocyte subsets. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that changes in monocyte proportion and function arise in dyslipidemia, with lipid lowering medication having some effect on reversing these changes. This review explores the nature and number of monocyte subsets in CVD addressing what they are, when they arise, the effect of lipid lowering treatment, and the possible implications for plaque development. Understanding these associations will deepen our understanding of the clinical significance of monocytes in CVD.

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“…Conversely, in the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a bidirectional link between HDL-c and COVID-19 infection has been hypothesized [8]. Data from the UK biobank have shown that every 10 mg/dL increase in serum HDL-c or apo A1 levels corresponded to a 10% reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, after adjustment for age, sex, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery diseases [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistently, since the beginning of the pandemic, a number of studies have highlighted important alterations of the lipid profile in COVID-19 patients. With this respect, as in the case of other systemic inflammatory conditions, a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels has been reported [8]. Observational studies showed that low HDL-c levels could correlate with a higher risk of developing severe events in these patients [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

HDL in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from an Italian Cross-Sectional Study

Papotti

Macchi

Favero

et al. 2021

JCM

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A number of studies have highlighted important alterations of the lipid profile in COVID-19 patients. Besides the well-known atheroprotective function, HDL displays anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-infectious properties. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the HDL anti-inflammatory and antioxidant features, by evaluation of HDL-associated Serum amyloid A (SAA) enrichment and HDL-paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) activity, in a cohort of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the Cardiorespiratory COVID-19 Unit of Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan. COVID-19 patients reached very low levels of HDL-c (mean ± SD: 27.1 ± 9.7 mg/dL) with a marked rise in TG (mean ± SD: 165.9 ± 62.5 mg/dL). Compared to matched-controls, SAA levels were significantly raised in COVID-19 patients at admission. There were no significant differences in the SAA amount between 83 alive and 22 dead patients for all-cause in-hospital mortality. Similar findings were reached in the case of PON-1 activity, with no differences between alive and dead patients for all-cause in-hospital mortality. In conclusion, although not related to the prediction of in-hospital mortality, reduction in HDL-c and the enrichment of SAA in HDL are a mirror of SARS-CoV-2 positivity even at the very early stages of the infection.

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The bidirectional link between HDL and COVID-19 infections

Cited by 46 publications

References 75 publications

The roles of lipids in SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and the host immune response

The roles of lipids in SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and the host immune response

Nature versus Number: Monocytes in Cardiovascular Disease

HDL in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from an Italian Cross-Sectional Study

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