“…where g(·, ·; θ) is a known parametric function indexed by θ, a vector of unknown parameters, θ 0 ∈ Θ 0 with Θ 0 being a compact subset of R k for k ≥ 1, and ∆ n (x, z) is a sequence of nonparametrically unknown departure functions. Recent studies in the field of nonparametric model specification of integrated time series models include Marmer (2007), Kasparis (2008), Gao et al (2009a;, Hong and Phillips (2010), Kasparis (2010), , , and Wang and Phillips (2012). The proposed tests by Gao et al (2009a), and Wang and Phillips (2012) use exactly the same type of tests as those originally developed for the stationary time series case (see, for example, Chapter 3 of Gao 2007).…”