The big picture on nanomedicine: the state of investigational and approved nanomedicine products

Abstract

Developments in nanomedicine are expected to provide solutions to many of modern medicine’s unsolved problems, so it is no surprise that literature is flush with articles discussing the subject. However, existing reviews tend to focus on specific sectors of nanomedicine or take a very forward looking stance and fail to provide a complete perspective on the current landscape. This article provides a more comprehensive and contemporary inventory of nanomedicine products. A keyword search of literature, clinical trial registries, and the Web, yielded 247 nanomedicine products that are approved or in various stages of clinical study. Specific information on each was gathered, so the overall field could be described based on various dimensions, including: FDA classification, approval status, nanoscale size, treated condition, nanostructure, and others. In addition to documenting the large number of nanomedicine products already in human use, this study indentifies some interesting trends forecasting the future of nanomedicine.

Bridging the Knowledge of Different Worlds to Understand the Big Picture of Cancer Nanomedicines

“…[22,143,144] Although, increasing number of nanomedicines have been reported based on the EPR principle, it is often over simplified and unified virtually for all type of tumors, whereas it is substantially more complex in reality. [145] In murine cancer models, polymeric micelles with different sizes (30,50,70, and 100 nm) showed similar extravasation and anti-tumor activities in highly permeable colon adenocarcinoma, whereas in less permeable pancreatic tumors, only polymeric micelles with 30 nm size in diameter showed significant tumor accumulation. [146] Similarly, in another preclinical study, the tumor type dependent EPR effect was reported in carcinomas and sarcomas with a heterogeneous uptake level of liposomes.…”

“…[15,[27][28][29] Some nanomedicines have showed encouraging anti-tumor effects in preclinical studies and others have showed a promise for clinical development. [13,30] Nevertheless, only limited nanomedicines are being investigated in humans and eventually less entered the clinic. Despite the significant progress made to develop more advanced nanomedicines to improve cancer therapy, the nanomedicines research is still mostly at an early stage of development or preclinical stage, thus growing pressure is escalating for the clinical translation of cancer nanomedicines worldwide.…”

Nanomedicine-based intraperitoneal therapy for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis — Mission possible?

“…and the route of administration, as well as on the extracellular and intracellular barriers it is expected to cross in order to successfully reach the site of action. To date, there are some nanomedicines approved for clinical use and several more in clinical trials [45]. Nanomedicines have also played a vital role in cancer therapy [41,42], with a total of 12 clinically approved nanomedicines for anti-cancer therapies [46].…”

Facile Method for the Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Supported on the Organoclay Material

“…With various methods of nanoparticles synthesis been developed to exploit this field of research, number of nanomaterials can be found in many applications at the moment. The synthesis of nanoparticles is of interest due to their wide variety of applications in fields such as electronics [1] [2], photonics [3] [4] [5], catalysis [6] [7] [8], medicine [9] [10] and water treatment [11] [12] [13], etc. The fundamental aim of their synthesis is the ability to control the size and shape of atomic clusters or nanoparticles and their ordering in 1D, 2D, or 3D arrays.…”