‘The biggest gang’? Police and people in the 2011 England riots

Newburn, Tim; Diski, Rebekah; Cooper, Kerris; Deacon, Rachel; Burch, Alex; Grant, Maggie

doi:10.1080/10439463.2016.1165220

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…There is evidence that they enabled collective action, through providing a sense of “we‐ness” and through defining common targets. While previous research has documented a general anti‐police feeling and alienation among 2011 rioters (Newburn et al, ), the present analysis confirms this pattern specifically for Brixton, Croydon, and Clapham.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Some have argued that the behaviour of rioters overwhelmingly reflected a “consumerist” ideology—evidenced in the looting of fashionable training shoes, for example (Treadwell, Briggs, Winlow, & Hall, ). However, the largest interview study ( N = 270) carried out among rioters (Guardian/LSE ; Newburn et al, ), as well as surveys prior to the events (Kawalerowicz & Biggs, ), suggest that anti‐police sentiment was a key driver. Most of Newburn et al's () interviewees reported police discrimination, often based on racism, and many felt alienated from authority more broadly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the largest interview study ( N = 270) carried out among rioters (Guardian/LSE ; Newburn et al, ), as well as surveys prior to the events (Kawalerowicz & Biggs, ), suggest that anti‐police sentiment was a key driver. Most of Newburn et al's () interviewees reported police discrimination, often based on racism, and many felt alienated from authority more broadly. Deprivation was also a predictor of participation (Kawalerowicz & Biggs, ; Lightowlers, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A social identity model of riot diffusion: From injustice to empowerment in the 2011 London riots

Drury

Stott

Ball

et al. 2020

Euro J Social Psych

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Previous research has shown that riots spread across multiple locations, but has not explained underlying psychological processes. We examined rioting in three locations during the August 2011 disorders in England to test a social identity model of riot diffusion. We triangulated multiple sources to construct a narrative of events; and we analysed interviews with 68 participants to examine experiences. In line with the model, we found evidence for two pathways of influence: “cognitive” and “strategic”. For some participants, previous rioting was highly self‐relevant, and shared identity was the basis of their subsequent involvement. For others, previous rioting was empowering because it demonstrated the vulnerability of a common enemy (the police). In each location, interaction dynamics mediated the link between initial perceptions and collective action. The utility of this social identity approach is that it is able to account for both the boundaries and the sequence of urban riot diffusion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A social identity model of riot diffusion: From injustice to empowerment in the 2011 London riots

Drury

Stott

Ball

et al. 2020

Euro J Social Psych

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“…Yet only a minority of these are empirical. The largest and most extensive research study of the 2011 riots is the Guardian /LSE's ‘Reading the Riots’, based on 270 interviews with rioters carried out soon after the events (Lewis et al., ; see Newburn, 2016a, 2016b; Newburn, Diski, et al., ; Newburn, Lewis, Addley, & Taylor, ). This work has provided a rich analysis of the experiences of rioters, showing that, together with collective anger, empowerment and joy were evident in actions such as defeating the police (Newburn, Deacon, et al., ).…”

Section: Explaining the 2011 English Riotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolving normative dimensions of ‘riot’: Towards an elaborated social identity explanation

Stott

Ball

Drury

et al. 2018

Euro J Social Psych

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The question of how normative form changes during a riot, and thus how collective behaviour spreads to different targets and locations, has been neglected in previous research, despite its theoretical and practical importance. We begin to address this limitation through a detailed analysis of the rioting in the London borough of Haringey in 2011. A triangulated analysis of multiple sources of data (including police reports, media accounts, and videos) finds a pattern of behaviour shifting from collective attacks on police targets to looting. A thematic analysis of 41 interview accounts with participants gathered shortly after the events suggests that a shared anti‐police identity allowed local postcode rivalries to be overcome, forming the basis of empowered action not only against the police but to address more long‐standing grievances and desires. It is argued that collective psychological empowerment operated in a ‘positive feedback loop’, whereby one form of collective self‐objectification (and perceived inability of police to respond) formed the basis of further action. This analysis of the development of new targets in an empowered crowd both confirms and extends the elaborated social identity model as an explanation for conflictual intergroup dynamics.

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“…; Newburn et al . ; Stott, Drury and Reicher ), focusing in the main on the antecedents of the riots and then, more particularly, on how the riots should be interpreted and understood.…”

Section: The English Riotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing the 2011 England Riots: Understanding the Political and Policy Response

Newburn

Jones

Blaustein

2018

Howard J Crime Justice

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This article considers the political reaction and policy response to the 2011 England riots. Drawing on the framework of John Kingdon's (1995) multiple streams approach (MSA) the analysis in this article starts with the ‘policy window’ caused by the focusing event of the riots, and traces the ways in which this was used to frame different kinds of policy ‘problem’, rather than the more typical method of using the MSA to help explain the emergence and development of a particular policy. It then examines how different policy ‘solutions’ became attached to these problems with varying degrees of impact. In fact, more than anything, we argue that the framing of the riots served to close down many avenues for policy development, with the outcome that those that were initiated in the aftermath of the disorder were both limited and short‐lived, with some having only the most tangential links with the riots.

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‘The biggest gang’? Police and people in the 2011 England riots

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

A social identity model of riot diffusion: From injustice to empowerment in the 2011 London riots

A social identity model of riot diffusion: From injustice to empowerment in the 2011 London riots

The evolving normative dimensions of ‘riot’: Towards an elaborated social identity explanation

Framing the 2011 England Riots: Understanding the Political and Policy Response

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