“…The basic models in this group include the value of exports in one relation and the value of imports in another relation as the dependent variables. The list includes Haynes et al (1986), Cushman (1987Cushman ( , 1990, Bahmani-Oskooee and Goswami (2004), Bahmani-Oskooee et al (2005a, b), and Bahmani-Oskooee and Ardalani (2006).As far as Canada is concerned, it was one of G7 countries included in Cushman (1987) who found no significant price elasticities in import and export value models and concluded that "dollar devaluation could improve the U.S. trade balance most in the case of Japan, Italy, and the Netherlands, but could be ineffective or harmful in the cases of Canada, the U.K., and France.". 3 Canada was one of Japan's major trading partners that was included in Bahmani- Oskooee and Goswami (2004) who found that in the bilateral import and export value models between Japan and Canada the real bilateral exchange rate was insignificant.…”