The Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Talaromyces species

Abstract

The focus of this review is placed on the chemical structures from the species of the genus Talaromyces reported with reference to their biological activities. 221 secondary metabolites, including 43 alkaloids and peptides, 88 esters, 31 polyketides, 19 quinones, 15 steroid and terpenoids, and 25 other structure type compounds, have been included, and 66 references are cited.Graphical Abstract

Fungal Pigments and Their Prospects in Different Industries

“…Studies report the production of a herqueinone-like pigment from Talaromyces marneffei (formerly known as Penicillium marneffei), Monascus-like azaphilone pigments (N-glutarylmonascorubramine and N-glutarylrubropunctamine) from Talaromyces purpureogenus (formerly known as Penicillium purpureogenum), industrially important red pigments (mitorubrin, monascorubrin, PP-R, glauconic acid, purpuride, and ZG-1494α) from Talaromyces atroroseus, trihydroxyanthraquinones (emodin, erythroglaucin, and catenarin) from Talaromyces stipitatus, and a xanthone dimer (talaroxanthone) from Talaromyces sp. (Figure 3b) [100,101,103,107,109]. An uncharacterized red pigment was discovered from Talaromyces siamensis under submerged fermentation [71].…”

“…Apart from this, studies have reported the production of the pigment xylindein from Chlorociboria aeruginosa and Chlorociboria aeruginascens, draconin red from Scytalidium cuboideum, and a yellow pigment from Scytalidiium ganodermophthorum and Scytalidium lignicola. Other pigments, such as orevactaene produced from Epicoccum nigrum, emodin, ω-hydroxyemodin, and emodic acid from Hamigera avellanea (formerly known as Talaromyces avellaneus) are also known (Figure 3b, Figure 9b) [33,36,37,39,41,109]. Recently, fungi such as Sanghuangporus baumii and Clonostachys intermedia have been found to produce a yellow pigment under submerged fermentation [71].…”

Physicochemical characterization of Theobroma cacao L. mucilage, in Ecuadorian coast

“…The main raw materials used to produce xylitol are corncob, soybean stalk, sugarcane bagasse and light woods (Dhar et al, 2016). Rubrolide C is rarely found in natural sources (Tale et al, 2012) and reports biological activity against S. aureus, B. subtiliis B. megaterium, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens and Micrococcus tetragenus (Sikorska et al, 2012;Zhai et al, 2016).…”

Efficacy of Talaromyces Flavus coated with nanoparticles in the growht inhibitory of Fusarium Oxysporum F.SP. Cucumerinum

“…For example, the above study found that mycoparasitism was the most effective mechanism for Fusarium growth inhibition. On the other hand, the effective metabolites of the production mechanisms of non-volatile compounds and mycoparasitism were reported to be glucose oxidase and chitinase, respectively (Kim, Fravel, & Papavizas, 1990;Inbar & Chet, 1995) and levels of these metabolites and their activity to be variable depending on time and environmental conditions (Zhai et al, 2016).Thus, the effects of different nano compounds cannot be ignored on the amount and intensity of different T. flavus metabolites. In the present study, the time and environmental conditions in the second trimester were likely such that the intensity and activity of the Fusarium effective metabolite (chitinase) were lower than those of other T. flavus metabolites present in the nanoformulation.…”