The Bioactivity and Chemotaxonomy of Microalgal Carotenoids

Gee, Dónal Mc; Gillespie, Eoin

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30746-2_10

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…The central C 40 conjugated double bond system of carotenoids in the polyene chain functions as a ‘chromophore’ to absorb the blue light for photosynthesis and is responsible for their characteristic yellow, orange or red colour. Oxygenated functional groups present at terminal β‐ionone rings of xanthophylls play a role in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by scavenging singlet oxygen species 21 …”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microalgae can synthesise carotenoids and all types of xanthophylls found in plants. Additionally, they can produce a huge array of pigments that are specific to algae, for example, fucoxanthin is found only in brown algae and diatoms, peridinin only in dinoflagellates, and alloxanthin only in Cryptophytes 5,21 . Microalgal carotenoids can be categorised as primary carotenoids (some xanthophylls and β‐carotene) and secondary carotenoids (astaxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin).…”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae for carotenoid production

Liaqat

Khazi

Bahadar

et al. 2022

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The intrinsic ability of microalgae to accumulate high amounts of carotenoids has made them the preferred aquatic organisms of biotechnological exploration for carotenoid production. To continuously innovate and modify microalgal bioprocesses, aquaculture scientists have been working hard for the past decades in a forwardlooking way, and mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae is deemed as a promising strategy to decrease production cost. This review is intended to summarise the recent research advancement of carotenoids production from mixotrophically cultivated microalgae, starting from the structure, biosynthesis, physiological roles and applications of carotenoids and followed by the production processes both currently established and under development. Most importantly, the microalgal physiology of mixotrophic cultivation is reviewed in depth both in general and specifically for the most studied species, and the prospects of commercially viable mixotrophic microalgal processes for carotenoid production along with the insight of future research are of course discussed. Finally, we conclude that mixotrophy might be a promising strategy for large-scale cultivation of microalgae to produce carotenoids although some technical obstacles need to be overcome.

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Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae for carotenoid production

Liaqat

Khazi

Bahadar

et al. 2022

Reviews in Aquaculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To get around this, chemical classification of plants has been preferentially achieved by comparison of secondary metabolites since these are remarkably diverse [38], include numerous classes of compounds (glycosides, phenolics, or alkaloids) [39], and are relevant for species classification, as they are restricted to taxonomically related groups of species [40,41]. Comparison of algae has so far relied on pigment analysis using 44 pigment types spanning 27 classes of photosynthetic algae [42], and these pigments are consistent with the endosymbiotic evolutionary history of eukaryotes [43]. More recently, many efforts in algal compound screening have enabled the description of hundreds of new metabolites each year [44], which provide the opportunity to identify species from a broader spectrum of compounds.…”

Section: Identification Of the Major Metabolites And Detection Of Chementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Insights into Marine Phytoplankton Diversity

2020

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The democratization of sequencing technologies fostered a leap in our knowledge of the diversity of marine phytoplanktonic microalgae, revealing many previously unknown species and lineages. The evolutionary history of the diversification of microalgae can be inferred from the analysis of their genome sequences. However, the link between the DNA sequence and the associated phenotype is notoriously difficult to assess, all the more so for marine phytoplanktonic microalgae for which the lab culture and, thus, biological experimentation is very tedious. Here, we explore the potential of a high-throughput untargeted metabolomic approach to explore the phenotypic–genotypic gap in 12 marine microalgae encompassing 1.2 billion years of evolution. We identified species- and lineage-specific metabolites. We also provide evidence of a very good correlation between the molecular divergence, inferred from the DNA sequences, and the metabolomic divergence, inferred from the complete metabolomic profiles. These results provide novel insights into the potential of chemotaxonomy in marine phytoplankton and support the hypothesis of a metabolomic clock, suggesting that DNA and metabolomic profiles co-evolve.

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“…Cryptophytes contain α-carotene and unique acetylene xanthophylls. Euglenids synthesize pigments characteristic for green lineage, but also those present in heterokonts, such as diadinoxanthin (Mc Gee and Gillespie 2019 ; Tamaki et al 2021 ). Carotenoids occur in plastids.…”

Section: Cellular Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal–induced stress in eukaryotic algae—mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response

Nowicka

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

140

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Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in living organisms. Increased anthropogenic emissions of heavy metal ions pose a serious threat to water and land ecosystems. The mechanism of heavy metal toxicity predominantly depends on (1) their high affinity to thiol groups, (2) spatial similarity to biochemical functional groups, (3) competition with essential metal cations, (4) and induction of oxidative stress. The antioxidant response is therefore crucial for providing tolerance to heavy metal-induced stress. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of heavy metal toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in eukaryotic algae. Types of ROS, their formation sites in photosynthetic cells, and the damage they cause to the cellular components are described at the beginning. Furthermore, heavy metals are characterized in more detail, including their chemical properties, roles they play in living cells, sources of contamination, biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, and stress symptoms. The following subchapters contain the description of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and ROS-detoxifying enzymes, their properties, cellular localization, and the occurrence in algae belonging to different clades, as well as the summary of the results of the experiments concerning antioxidant response in heavy metal-treated eukaryotic algae. Other mechanisms providing tolerance to metal ions are briefly outlined at the end.

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The Bioactivity and Chemotaxonomy of Microalgal Carotenoids

Cited by 6 publications

References 123 publications

Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae for carotenoid production

Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae for carotenoid production

Metabolomic Insights into Marine Phytoplankton Diversity

Heavy metal–induced stress in eukaryotic algae—mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response

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