The bioartificial pancreas: Macroencapsulation of insulin secreting cells in hollow fibers

A novel macroencapsulating immunoisolatory device: the preparation and properties of nanomat-reinforced amphiphilic co-networks deposited on perforated metal scaffold

“…A combination of micro-and macroencapsulation has also been proposed in which hollow fibers containing alginate-encapsulated cells are used for the implant (Altmah 1988). Hollow fibers are easy to remove and allow nutrients to reach the cells, but the entire surface area is not equally utilized.…”

“…Macroencapsulation provides protection of large numbers of cells and allows their easy implantation and retrieval (Altmah 1988;Thrash 1997;Dulong Legallais 2007;Andersson et al 1996;Suzuki et al 1998;Jesser et al 1996;Honiger et al 1994;Leoni and Desai 2004;La Flamme et al 2007). Macroencapsulating membranes used earlier by others (AN69, PAN-PVC, cellulosics, etc.)…”

Transport phenomena and kinetics in an extravascular bioartificial pancreas

“…The values of all parameters used in the model are shown in Table 1. The selection of the diameter and length of the fiber was based on typical values reported in the literature (Altman, 1988;Penfornis et al, 1990;Lacy et al, 1991;Lanza et al, 1991;Ward et al, 1993). The fiber permeability for glucose ranges from 1.2 x mm/s for AN69 membrane [calculated from data in (Kessler et al, 1992)] to 4.5 X mm/s for a nonporous elastomeric polymer membrane (Ward et al, 1993).…”

“…An alternative to alginate-poly-l-lysine spheres is the encapsulation of islets into end-sealed hollow fibers (Altman, 1988(Altman, , 1992Lacy et al, 1991;Lanza et al, 1991;Penfornis et al, 1990;Ward, 1993;Zekorn et al, 1990). This configuration provides the advantage that the removal of several long, thin fibers from the patient will be easier to accomplish than the removal of thousands of microcapsules.…”

Encapsulation technologies in beta cell replacement therapies for Type 1 diabetes

“…Compared to planar and tubular macro-scale devices, alginate microcapsules are less likely to deform due to mechanical forces after transplantation, are simple to construct, easy to administer, can be scaled to meet commercial needs, and most importantly, can be easily manipulated to adjust size and permeability. Consequently, they are the most popular bioencapsulation devices [74][75][76] being evaluated for use in islet and stem cell encapsulation. Since these capsules can be produced in large numbers using commercially developed air-pressure driven electrostatic droplet generators [77,78], they are inexpensive, and can be standardized for use with islets or stem cells.…”