The Bioavailability of Chemicals in Soil for Earthworms

Abstract

Biochemistry Biochemistry Z 0250The Bioavailability of Chemicals in Soil for Earthworms -[42 refs.]. -(LANNO, R.; WELLS, J.; CONDER, J.; BRADHAM, K.; BASTA, N.; Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 57 (2004) 1, 39-47; Dep. Entomol., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Eng.) -Lindner 18-292

Uptake and bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs in earthworms after in situ and in vitro exposure to soil from a contaminated sawmill site

“…The observed variations are probably a natural result of different earthworm species and differences in bioaccumulation between individuals. Factors that could affect uptake and bioaccumulation in earthworms are metabolism, behavior and the duration of exposure through the heterogeneity of the PCDD/Fs distribution in the soil, which varies greatly both horizontally and vertically (Lanno et al, 2004;Henriksson et al, 2013;Shang et al, 2013).…”

“…Since soils are heterogeneous environmental matrices with varying spatial and temporal distribution of organic carbon, pH, humidity, particle size distribution, the measured PCDD/Fs concentration in the soil is not the same as the environmentally bioavailable concentration, which is also dependent on the duration of contact between compound and soil (aging) and physicochemical properties of the compounds. Therefore knowledge of the site specific uptake and bioaccumulation is necessary for adequate assessment of environmental and human health risks associated with a contaminated site (Belfroid et al, 1995;Matscheko et al, 2002aMatscheko et al, , 2002bLanno et al, 2004). A good supplement to chemical analysis of soil in a site specific risk assessment is investigation of the amount of PCDD/Fs which are bioavailable to earthworms.…”

“…A good supplement to chemical analysis of soil in a site specific risk assessment is investigation of the amount of PCDD/Fs which are bioavailable to earthworms. Earthworms are suitable organisms when assessing bioavailability since they can be found in a variety of soil types, including contaminated soils and are more or less in constant contact with the soil which makes them highly exposed to soil bound substances, through either direct dermal contact or ingestion of soil or specific fractions of the soil (Lanno et al, 2004). Earthworms can have a strong influence on the bioavailability of PCDD/Fs to other organisms by serving as prey to birds or other predators.…”

Earthworms Eisenia fetida affect the uptake of heavy metals by plants Vicia faba and Zea mays in metal-contaminated soils

“…According to Lanno et al (2004), earthworms can take up metals from soil either through direct dermal contact with them in soil solution or by ingestion of bulk soil or specific soil fractions. Distribution of metals among soil fractions is also considered to be important for their toxicity and bioavailability to earthworms (Becquer et al, 2005).…”

Developing earthworm bioconcentration factors of nitrogen-based compounds for predicting environmentally significant parameters for new munition compounds in soil

“…However, predicting bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of new munition compounds is challenging because models currently available do not accurately account for either partitioning of a compound into an organism or degradation. Furthermore, predicting the BCF from soil exposures to soil biota is difficult because soil properties affect the bioavailability of the compound (Dodard et al, 2005;Kuperman et al, 2009Kuperman et al, , 2013Lanno et al, 2004;Rocheleau et al, 2010;Sunahara et al, 2009). This particular challenge can be resolved, in part, by the use of aqueous exposures, thus separating the soil effects from the organism uptake mechanisms when developing empirical data for use in models.…”