The biochemical correlation between the epicuticular wax of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and the wax of different mealybug species

Arunkumar, N.; Banu, J. Gulsar; Gopalakrishnan, N.; Prakash, A. H.

doi:10.1007/s12600-018-0656-8

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Other studies have shown that C. montouzieri lacks a response to only one type of prey stimulus, such as volatile cues, when they are limited to walking (as in our tests) instead of flying (Finlay‐Doney & Walter, 2012). More complex stimuli, such as the wax produced by mealybugs, offer tactile and olfactory cues for predators (Hashimoto & Kitaoka, 1982; Arunkumar et al., 2018; Ahmad et al., 2020). They may elicit oviposition and predation in lady beetles (van den Meiracker et al., 1990; Merlin et al., 1996; Kairo et al., 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral responses of the lady beetles Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Tenuisvalvae notata to specific mealybug prey

De La Pava,

da Silva Torres,

Bento

2024

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are important biocontrol agents that are considered generalist predators, although some tribes, such as Scymnini, are specialized in predation of sucking pests, such as mealybugs, aphids, and whiteflies. However, prey preference or pre‐imaginal conditioning may occur as coccinellids are subjected to large‐scale rearing. Thus, predator–prey interaction may be an outcome of conditioning to prey stimuli. To evaluate possible pre‐imaginal conditioning, population lines were created for the lady beetles Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant and Tenuisvalvae notata (Mulsant), each fed for at least eight generations the mealybugs Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockrell) or Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Next, the behavioral response of these coccinellids was measured in arenas treated with prey volatiles or footprints, regarding walking time, walking speed, walking distance, and residence time. Finally, food preference between prey species was measured in laboratory and semi‐field conditions on infested cotton plants. Conditioned coccinellids responded similarly to volatiles released by either prey species offered. Furthermore, there were no changes in predator behavior towards footprints of either prey species. Both predator species consumed more P. citri in all tests, regardless of rearing prey indicating no pre‐imaginal conditioning. These results suggest that rearing prey may not affect the predator behavior, and both coccinellid species are effective in the biological control of mealybugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral responses of the lady beetles Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Tenuisvalvae notata to specific mealybug prey

De La Pava,

da Silva Torres,

Bento

2024

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…The chemical components of mealybug cuticular wax vary by species 11 and are speculated to influence the biological functions of the wax, thus it is of great importance to obtain a complete catalog of chemical components in the mealybug wax. Here, we used n-hexane and methanol independently to dissolve the powdery wax collected from the body surface of female cotton mealybugs, then tested it on polar and nonpolar chromatographic columns using GC-MS. At least eight groups of chemical components were identified: hydrocarbons, fatty acids, olefins, alcohols, aromatic derivatives, esters, ketones, and aldehydes.…”

Section: Hydrocarbons Are the Dominant Chemical Components In Waxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This waxy layer is comprised of a complex mixture of lipids including cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), fatty acids, esters, alcohols, and ketones 10 . Among these chemicals, the CHCs may vary tremendously in their composition between different mealybug species 11 , which implies that CHCs are closely correlated to the biological functions of the waxy layer. Considering the vital protective roles that the waxy layer provides against water loss and exposure to toxic substances in the environment 12,13 , destruction of this waxy layer, through methods such as applications of wax-degrading bacteria, has been considered a feasible means to manage mealybugs 14,15 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acyl-CoA reductase influences wax biosynthesis in the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley

Tong

Wang

et al. 2022

Commun Biol

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Mealybugs are highly aggressive to a diversity of plants. The waxy layer covering the outermost part of the integument is an important protective defense of these pests. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying wax biosynthesis in mealybugs remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed multi-omics data on wax biosynthesis by the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, and found that a fatty acyl-CoA reductase (PsFAR) gene, which was highly expressed in the fat bodies of female mealybugs, contributed to wax biosynthesis by regulating the production of the dominant chemical components of wax, cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). RNA interference (RNAi) against PsFAR by dsRNA microinjection and allowing mealybugs to feed on transgenic tobacco expressing target dsRNA resulted in a reduction of CHC contents in the waxy layer, and an increase in mealybug mortality under desiccation and deltamethrin treatments. In conclusion, PsFAR plays crucial roles in the wax biosynthesis of mealybugs, thereby contributing to their adaptation to water loss and insecticide stress.

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“…Choisy (Hypericaceae family), a species native to Brazil popularly known as "lacre", undergoes strong extractive pressure for its wood and has several uses in traditional medicine, such as in the treatment of skin diseases, potent laxative, antipyretic, antirheumatic, and antifungal (ALMEIDA-CORTEZ; MELO-DE-PINNA, 2006;SILVA et al, 2018). Wax is a lipid with a great diversity of long-chain alkanes, esters, polyesters, and hydroxy esters of primary alcohols and long-chain fatty acids (ARUNKUMAR et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do the edge effects influence epicuticular wax production in Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Choisy (Hypericaceae)?

et al. 2023

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Forest fragmentation leads to various environmental problems. It causes edge effects that can decrease biodiversity, promote the growth of lianas, and affect the production of epicuticular wax. This study focuses on examining the secondary metabolites found in the epicuticular wax of Vismia guianensis leaves and investigating the impact of the edge effect on their production. We extracted and quantified the epicuticular wax and analyzed its constituents using gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer. The amount of cuticular wax extracted from V. guianensis leaves ranged from 33.69 to 631.57 μg/cm². Individuals at the forest edge had the lowest wax content, averaging 250.96 μg/cm². On the other hand, individuals located in the interior of the forest had the highest values, with an average of 340.67 μg/cm² per surface unit. The analysis of the samples identified and quantified nine long-chain alkanes (C27 to C35) in the composition of the cuticular wax. The predominant compound in the wax of all individuals was nonacosane alkane (C29). Interestingly, the individuals within the forest fragment exhibited less diversity of compounds compared to those at the forest edge.

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The biochemical correlation between the epicuticular wax of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and the wax of different mealybug species

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Behavioral responses of the lady beetles Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Tenuisvalvae notata to specific mealybug prey

Behavioral responses of the lady beetles Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Tenuisvalvae notata to specific mealybug prey

Fatty acyl-CoA reductase influences wax biosynthesis in the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley

Do the edge effects influence epicuticular wax production in Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Choisy (Hypericaceae)?

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