The Biochemical Ecology of Higher Plants

Whittaker, R. H.; Sondheimer, Ernest; Simeone, John B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-654750-4.50009-8

Cited by 218 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The presence in soils of a wide variety of potentially phytotoxic chemicals, released by plants, is well documented (20,21,24,25). Furthermore, the allelopathic influences of compounds such as the phenolic acids have been appreciated for some time (4,17,22,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Without exception, all compounds tested, namely, benzoic, 2-hydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic, cinnamic, 2-hydroxycinnamic, 4-hydroxycinnamic, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic, and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamic acids, inhibited uptake. (24,25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the physiological effects of phenolic compounds have been recognized for some time (16), but more recently they have been implicated as important factors in plant-environment interactions. The influence of such compounds in suppressing the growth and distribution of certain species (the phenomenon of allelopathy) is considered to be extremely common (24,25).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of Phenolic Acids on Ion Uptake

Glass¹

1973

Plant Physiol.

126

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The influence of naturally occurring phenolic acids on phosphate uptake by barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Karlsberg) roots was examined using '3P-labeled phosphate. Without exception, all compounds tested, namely, benzoic, 2-hydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic, cinnamic, 2-hydroxycinnamic, 4-hydroxycinnamic, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic, and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamic acids, inhibited uptake. (24,25).It has been demonstrated that in both higher plants (8) (12), and ferns (7). Through decomposition of plant material, rain leaching from leaves and bark. and exudation from roots a wide variety of phenolic acids may be introduced into the soil solution. Whitehead (23) sampled a variety of different soil types and reported the presence of 4-hydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic, 4-hydroxycinnamic, and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acids as the free acids at soil solution concentrations equivalent to 5 X IO's M.The present study examines the influence of these naturally occurring phenolic acids upon inorganic phosphate uptake by barley roots. Concentrations employed were in the range reported by Whitehead (23). In the main, experiments were of short duration ranging from several minutes to 3 hr. MATERIALS AND METHODSBarley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Karlsberg) were germinated and prepared for treatment according to the methods described by Epstein and Hagen (5). All experiments were performed with 4-day-old excised roots, approximately 3 cm long. After excision the roots were gently mixed in a large volume of distilled water, filtered through two layers of cheesecloth, and spun by hand in a cheesecloth bag to remove excess water.Root samples weighing 2 g were placed in 150-ml beakers containing 50 ml of solution, buffered at pH 7, containing 5 X I0-3 M Pi, 5 X 10-4 M CaCl2, and 0.05 pc of 3P-labeled phosphate. All experiments were performed at room temperature (23 C), and solutions were aerated continuously during the uptake period. The various phenolic acids which were added to the treatment solutions were dissolved in 1 ml of 95% ethanol. In most experiments, the final concentrations of phenolic acids experienced by the root tissue were 5 x 10' M, slightly in excess of the values reported by Whitehead (23) fer soil solution. In the preliminary kinetic experiments involving vanillic acid, concentrations ranged from 5 X 10-5 M to 1 X 10' M.The uptake of phosphate by root tissue was determined by the removal of 1-ml aliquots from the incubation medium at prescribed intervals. The radioactivity of each sample was determined in a Packard scintillation spectrometer, and uptake was determined by loss of activity from the solution.Preliminary experiments indicated that the uptake of phosphate, in both control treatments (in the absence of inhibitors) and vanillic acid treatments, had become linear within 5 to 10 min of immersion of the tissue in the phosphate solutions. In the com...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Phenolic Acids on Ion Uptake

Glass¹

1973

Plant Physiol.

126

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“…This competitive tendency has been shown and reported by several authors Bonner [2], Grummer et al [3], Evenari (1961), Whittaker [4], Putman and Duke [5], and Fischer et al [6]. Allelopathic behaviour can best be described as direct or indirect effects of compound resulting from organism, which may have inhibitory or stimulatory effects on the same or other organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Growth Response of Seedlings of Zea Mays (L.) to Aqueous Extract of Lycopodium Clavatum (L.)

EM¹

2017

MOJBM

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The growth response of seedlings of Zea mays to aqueous extract of Lycopodium clavatum was assayed in the greenhouse using completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates and five treatments. Seeds of Zea mays were grown in Petri dishes measuring 9cm wrapped with whatmam filter paper. The test treatments were aqueous extracts of L. clavatum leaves at different concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Extracts showed both inhibitory and stimulatory effect on Zea mays seedling growth at different concentrations. The plumule length and radicle length were measured using a ruler. L. clavatum showed stimulatory effect at 25% concentration only and inhibitory effect at 50%, 75% and 100%. Radicle length decreased with increase in concentration with the highest length recorded in the 0% concentration (control) whereas the plumule length increased over the measurement period and also decreased with increase in concentration.

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“…Essas substâncias, denominadas compostos secundários ou aleloquímicos (28), são compostos biossinteticamente derivados de metabólitos primários e não têm função aparente, mas têm importante papel ecológico servindo, entre outros, como defesa química contra microrganismos, insetos e predadores (9). A maioria desses metabólitos pode ser obtida de parte de plantas através de destilação, extração com solventes ou aquosos (27) O tamanho das colônias fúngicas foi mensurado diariamente em duas posições perpendiculares entre si, durante sete dias, considerando-se o valor médio das medidas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito de extratos de plantas medicinais no controle de Colletotrichum acutatum, agente causal da flor preta do morangueiro

Almeida

Camargo

Panizzi³

2009

Summa phytopathol.

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A flor preta do morangueiro, causada por Colletotrichum acutatum, acarreta sérios problemas à cultura. Com o objetivo de verificar a utilização de extratos vegetais no controle da doença, testes "in vitro" foram realizados com 11 extratos vegetais hidroalcoólicos produzidos de plantas utilizadas na medicina popular. Os extratos foram preparados a partir de diferentes partes da planta, de acordo com a espécie, utilizando água e álcool no processo de extração por maceração. Foi verificada a influência dos extratos no crescimento micelial, esporulação e germinação de esporos de C. acutatum, e também no controle do patógeno em folhas e frutos destacados. De acordo com a metodologia utilizada, os extratos vegetais que apresentaram maior eficiência foram os de folha e ramos de Ruta graveolens, Artemisia absinthium e bulbos de Allium sativum, indicando ter essas plantas potencial fungitóxico para o controle de C. acutatum.

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The Biochemical Ecology of Higher Plants

Cited by 218 publications

References 78 publications

Influence of Phenolic Acids on Ion Uptake

Influence of Phenolic Acids on Ion Uptake

Growth Response of Seedlings of Zea Mays (L.) to Aqueous Extract of Lycopodium Clavatum (L.)

Efeito de extratos de plantas medicinais no controle de Colletotrichum acutatum, agente causal da flor preta do morangueiro

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