The Biochemistry and Genetics of Microbial Perchlorate Reduction

Achenbach, Laurie A.; Bender, Kelly S.; Sun, Yvonne; Coates, John D.

doi:10.1007/0-387-31113-0_13

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Furthermore, P. limicola also was unable to make use of carboxylic acids, whereas MP T and CR could use many (Table 1 ). It is unknown whether or not P. limicola can reduce perchlorate, but since the perchlorate reduction pathway involves production of oxygen and subsequent reduction of it by cytochrome oxidase (Achenbach et al 2006 ; Rikken et al 1996 ) and the pcrC gene encodes for a c -type cytochrome (Bender et al 2005 ), it is unlikely that this organism could make use of perchlorate since it cannot reduce oxygen and contains no cytochromes (Brune et al 2002 ). Strains MP T and CR were also distinct from P. limicola morphologically and were curved rods, whereas P. limicola is a straight rod (Brune et al 2002 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of the novel perchlorate-reducing bacteria Dechlorobacter hydrogenophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Propionivibrio militaris, sp. nov.

Thrash

Pollock

Török

et al. 2009

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Novel dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacteria (DPRB) were isolated from enrichments conducted under conditions different from those of all previously described DPRB. Strain LT-1T was enriched using medium buffered at pH 6.6 with 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and had only 95% 16S rRNA gene identity with its closest relative, Azonexus caeni. Strain MPT was enriched in the cathodic chamber of a perchlorate-reducing bioelectrical reactor (BER) and together with an additional strain, CR (99% 16S rRNA gene identity), had 97% 16S rRNA gene identity with Propionivibrio limicola. The use of perchlorate and other electron acceptors distinguished strains MPT and CR from P. limicola physiologically. Strain LT-1T had differences in electron donor utilization and optimum growth temperatures from A. caeni. Strains LT-1T and MPT are the first DPRB to be described in the Betaproteobacteria outside of the Dechloromonas and Azospira genera. On the basis of phylogenetic and physiological features, strain LT-1T represents a novel genus in the Rhodocyclaceae; strain MPT represents a novel species within the genus Propionivibrio. The names Dechlorobacter hydrogenophilus gen. nov., sp. nov and Propionivibrio militaris sp. nov. are proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of the novel perchlorate-reducing bacteria Dechlorobacter hydrogenophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Propionivibrio militaris, sp. nov.

Thrash

Pollock

Török

et al. 2009

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…A second possible reason for aerobes in deep subsurface sediments is the occurrence of a “cryptic” aerobic community using oxygen generated in situ . Mechanisms are known, or proposed, whereby oxygen may be generated microbially by dismutation of chlorate, nitrate or nitrogen oxides (Achenbach et al, 2006 ; Ettwig et al, 2012 ) however these species are not typically found naturally in petroleum reservoirs, though they may be present in reservoirs subject to e.g., nitrate injection for souring control (Hubert, 2010 ). There is a considerable literature on radiolysis of water generating hydrogen to fuel the deep biosphere (Lin et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Microbial Communities In Petroleum Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in the slow lane; biogeochemistry of biodegraded petroleum containing reservoirs and implications for energy recovery and carbon management

2014

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Our understanding of the processes underlying the formation of heavy oil has been transformed in the last decade. The process was once thought to be driven by oxygen delivered to deep petroleum reservoirs by meteoric water. This paradigm has been replaced by a view that the process is anaerobic and frequently associated with methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation. The thermal history of a reservoir exerts a fundamental control on the occurrence of biodegraded petroleum, and microbial activity is focused at the base of the oil column in the oil water transition zone, that represents a hotspot in the petroleum reservoir biome. Here we present a synthesis of new and existing microbiological, geochemical, and biogeochemical data that expands our view of the processes that regulate deep life in petroleum reservoir ecosystems and highlights interactions of a range of biotic and abiotic factors that determine whether petroleum is likely to be biodegraded in situ, with important consequences for oil exploration and production. Specifically we propose that the salinity of reservoir formation waters exerts a key control on the occurrence of biodegraded heavy oil reservoirs and introduce the concept of palaeopickling. We also evaluate the interaction between temperature and salinity to explain the occurrence of non-degraded oil in reservoirs where the temperature has not reached the 80–90°C required for palaeopasteurization. In addition we evaluate several hypotheses that might explain the occurrence of organisms conventionally considered to be aerobic, in nominally anoxic petroleum reservoir habitats. Finally we discuss the role of microbial processes for energy recovery as we make the transition from fossil fuel reliance, and how these fit within the broader socioeconomic landscape of energy futures.

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“…Furthermore, early studies demonstrated that membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductases and assimilatory nitrate reductases could alternatively reduce chlorate (Steward, 1988) and presumably perchlorate. In the past decade understanding of the biological perchlorate reduction progressed dramatically due to the development of the genetic analysis that offer tools for detecting and monitoring dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacteria for bioremediative purposes (Achenbach et al, 2006). The perchlorate reduction pathway consists of two central enzymes: perchlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase.…”

Section: Biodegradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first enzymatic step of the pathway, the reduction of perchlorate and chlorate to chlorite, is performed by (per)chlorate reductase (Fig.1).The chlorite formed from this reduction is cytotoxic and requires immediate detoxification which is catalyzed by chlorite dismutase converting chlorite to chloride and oxygen (Wolternik, 2005).The generation of oxygen makes anaerobic (per)chlorate reduction unique when compared to other anaerobic respiratory processes. This aspect of (per) chlorate reduction has been of special interest because of its potential to introduce oxygen to anoxic sites to aide subsequent bioremediation strategies (Achenbach et al, 2006). Fig.…”

Section: Biodegradationmentioning

confidence: 99%