The biochemistry of vitreous humour. A comparative study of the potassium, sodium and urate concentrations in the eyes at identifical time intervals after death

Balasooriya, B.A.W.; Hill, Charles A.; Williams, A.

doi:10.1016/0379-0738(84)90064-1

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In contrast, the ratios of the cases with variations 15 % greater the mean values in the group B (for the first time samples) are 0/9, 0/9, 1/9, 0/9 and 2/9, respectively. Interestingly, our results are consistent with other reports in which entire-sampling showed obvious variations [2][3][4] and micro-sampling yielded less variations [5,6] . This suggests that the micro-sampling methodology is more reliable than one-time entire sampling, and can yield consistent results.…”

Section: Micro-sampling Vs Entire-samplingsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…Some researchers [2][3][4] believe that there exists a significant difference in electrolyte concentrations between the two eyes. In contrast, several other reports [5,6] suggested that the two-eye variations are acceptable and they believed that the humor of either eye is representative of the individual.…”

Section: Variations Of Electrolyte Concentrations Between Left and Rimentioning

confidence: 98%

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Comparative study of two vitreous humor sampling methods in rabbits

Wang

Wei-guang

Ren

et al. 2006

J. Huazhong Univ. Sc. Technol.

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To compare and evaluate two methodologies, entire-sampling and micro-sampling for the harvesting of vitreous humor, the vitreous humor of rabbits were sampled with the two methods respectively, and the concentrations of calcium, chlorine, potassium, sodium and phosphorus of the were measured. The results showed that the differences in the variance coefficient and two-eye concentrations of micro-sampled specimens were less than those of the entire-sampled specimens. In the micro-sampling group, the concentrations of repeated micro-sampling showed no differences among different groups (P > 0.05) and the intra-ocular fluid dynamics did not have significant influence on post-mortem sampling. The sampling technique may affect the concentrations of specimen collected. Our study suggests that micro-sampling is less influenced by the human factor and is reliable, reproducible, and more suitable for forensic investigation.

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Section: Micro-sampling Vs Entire-samplingsupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Variations Of Electrolyte Concentrations Between Left and Rimentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative study of two vitreous humor sampling methods in rabbits

Wang

Wei-guang

Ren

et al. 2006

J. Huazhong Univ. Sc. Technol.

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“…The vitreous provides a source of fluid that is physically isolated from the body after death. During life there is equilibration of electrolytes with the blood, however, after death, changes in electrolyte levels occur due to necrosis of the retinal cells [457][458][459]. Caution also has to be observed due to difference between the eyes having been observed by some [458,460], but not by others [461]; variation may result from the different methods of analysis [462].…”

Section: Toxic and Metabolic Causes Of Sudden Deathmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sudden adult death

Langlois

2009

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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In the investigation of sudden death in adults, channelopathies, such as long QT syndrome, have risen to the fore in the minds of forensic pathologists in recent years. Examples of these disorders are touched upon in this review as an absence of abnormal findings at postmortem examination is characteristic and the importance of considering the diagnosis lies in the heritable nature of these conditions. Typically, a diagnosis of a possible channelopathy is evoked as an explanation for a 'negative autopsy' in a case of apparent sudden natural death. However, the one potential adverse effect of this approach is that subtle causes of sudden death may be overlooked. The intention of this article is to review and discuss potential causes of sudden adult death (mostly natural) that should be considered before resorting to a diagnosis of possible channelopathy. Nonetheless, it becomes apparent that many of the potential causes of sudden death can have a genetic basis. Thus, it becomes an important consideration that there may be a genetic basis to sudden death that extends beyond the negative autopsy.

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“…It is recognized, however, that vitreous analyte levels may be altered by the types of methods used, and the handling and storage of the specimen and for this reason it has been suggested that each laboratory should establish its own reference ranges [2]. In addition, certain electrolytes such as potassium and sodium have had levels differing between eyeballs for uncertain reasons [10]. Unfortunately data are also lacking on (i) correlations between serum and vitreous values in severe, particularly lethal, disturbances, (ii) the period of time needed for low or high electrolyte levels to equilibrate between the vitreous and plasma, and (iii) valid and reliable discrimination [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hyponatremia at autopsy: an analysis of etiologic mechanisms and their possible significance

Byramji

Cains²,

Gilbert³

et al. 2008

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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While electrolyte measurements after death may be confounded by a number of variables, vitreous humor sodium tends to remain stable for some time, enabling correlation between ante- and postmortem levels. Review of natural and unnatural causes of reduced vitreous humor sodium levels at autopsy was undertaken to demonstrate the range of diseases that may result in this finding. Natural diseases affecting the vasopressin-renin-angiotensin axis may cause reduction in sodium levels with associated hypovolemia, euvolemia, and hypervolemia. Low sodium measurements may also occur with redistribution of water, and artefactually when there are underlying lipid and protein disorders. Unnatural causes of hyponatremia at autopsy include water intoxication from psychogenic polydipsia, environmental polydipsia, ingestion of dilute infant formulas, beer potomania, endurance exercise, fresh water immersion (including water births) and iatrogenic causes including drug and parenteral fluid administration, and surgical irrigation. A knowledge of the range of conditions that may result in lowered postmortem sodium levels will help to exclude or confirm certain diseases at autopsy. In addition, significant vitreous hyponatremia may be a useful finding to help clarify mechanisms of unnatural deaths.

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The biochemistry of vitreous humour. A comparative study of the potassium, sodium and urate concentrations in the eyes at identifical time intervals after death

Cited by 55 publications

References 10 publications

Comparative study of two vitreous humor sampling methods in rabbits

Comparative study of two vitreous humor sampling methods in rabbits

Sudden adult death

Hyponatremia at autopsy: an analysis of etiologic mechanisms and their possible significance

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