The Biocompatibility of Sulfobetaine Engineered Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) by Surface Entrapment Technique

Abstract

Sulfobetaine-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) systems were created by physically entrapping the zwitterionic species on the PET surface. The presence of the sulfobetiane molecules on these surfaces were verified by ATR-FTIR and SEM-EDAX analysis, while wettability of the films was investigated by water contact angle measurements. The blood compatibility of the modified films was evaluated by platelet adhesion in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The adhesion and inflammatory response of Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were studied. The surface induced cellular inflammatory response was determined by quantifying the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines namely TNF-alpha and IL-1beta by measuring their mRNA profiles in the cells using real time polymerase chain reaction normalized to the housekeeping gene GAPDH. L-929 fibroblast cells were used to assess the propensity of the materials to support the fibroblast cell adhesion. A lower platelet adhesion and activation were observed on the sulfobetaine-modified PET film incubated in PRP after 2h when compared to control. The modified film reduced cellular adhesion events ( p<0.05) with respect to the base material, which could be linked to the reduced protein adsorption observed on this surface. The cellular inflammatory response was suppressed on sulfobetaine-modified substrate. Expression levels of pro-inflammmatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) was found to be upregulated on bare PET, while it was significantly lower on modified PET ( p<0.001). Thus the sulfobetaine entrapment process can be applied on PET in order to achieve low biointeractions and reduced inflammatory host response for various biomedical and biotechnological applications.

Carboxybetaine, sulfobetaine, and cationic block copolymer coatings: A comparison of the surface properties and antibiofouling behavior

“…The surface energy of a solid is usually determined by the study of the contact angles of probe liquids on the solid. There are only a few reports on the surface energies of zwitterionic polymers 49, 50. Hiwatashi et al49 found that the surface energies of ionic random terpolymer films containing the carboxybetaine N ‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl)‐ N,N ‐dimethylammonioacetate or the cationic mer N ‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl)‐ N,N ‐dimethyl‐ N ‐ethyl ammonium ethyl sulfate ranged from about 38 to 64 mJ/m 2 with a variation in the number of ionic mers from 35 to 60 mol %.…”

“…There are only a few reports on the surface energies of zwitterionic polymers. 49,50 Hiwatashi et al 49 found that the surface energies of ionic random terpolymer films containing the carboxybetaine N -(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonioacetate or the cationic mer N-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)- 51 was used to estimate the surface energy (c) values of the BCs. The OWK model resolves surface energy into contributions from dispersion and polar forces, and the work of adhesion at the solid-liquid interface (W SL ) is assumed to be given by the following equation: (2)] relates the work of adhesion to the total surface energies of the solid and liquid (c S and c L , respectively) and the equilibrium contact angle (y) of the liquid on the solid:…”

Effect of experimental photopolymerized coatings on the hydrophobicity of a denture base acrylic resin and on Candida albicans adhesion

“…The use of polymers containing zwitterionic groups such as phosphatidylcholines and sulfobetaines, 5-10 which originate from the simulation of biomembranes, 9,11 has been proposed to modify the surface of biomaterials. [12][13][14] A significant reduction in protein adsorption has been demonstrated 5,[8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and attributed to the formation of a hydration layer on the material surface [5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14]16,17,19 that prevents the conformational alteration of these proteins. 9,11,13,14,19 Previous researchers 7,13,16,20,21 reported that sulfobetaine application on substrate surfaces reduced bacterial adhesion.…”

In vivo modulation of foreign body response on polyurethane by surface entrapment technique

“…This results in the stable entrapment of the modifying species into the surface of polyurethane. This technique has been applied to modify biomedical polymers such as poly(ethylene terepthalate), poly(methyl methacrylate), and polyurethane 9–11…”

“…This technique has been applied to modify biomedical polymers such as poly(ethylene terepthalate), poly(methyl methacrylate), and polyurethane. [9][10][11] Tween80 V R and PLL-RGD modified polyurethane surfaces, which triggered very different biological response in vitro, were selected to represent a broad spectrum of biomaterial applications. 8 In this study, the in vivo foreign body response to these materials was investigated by their implantation in the peritoneal cavity of Wistar rats for a period of 30 days.…”