The biogeochemical cycle of iron and associated elements in Lake Kinneret 1,2 1Associate editor: M. L. Machesky 2See Electronic Annex (Elsevier Web site; Science Direct).

Iron Biogeochemistry in Aquatic Systems: From Source to Bioavailability

“…Measurement of high dFe concentration in river influx of Lake Kasumigaura (686-2910 nM) compared to lakewater (35-254 nM), suggest that riverine Fe was the major source in this lake. [86] Similar observations were made in Lake Kinneret where the Jordan River appears to be the main source of dFe (6-13 µM [37] ). The high contribution of fluvial inputs to dFe concentrations can be explained by the lakes' large watershed area.…”

“…[20,35] For the lakes studied (Laurentian Great Lakes, Lake Geneva and Lake Kinneret) dFe is reported to be present in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 312 nM (Table 1). [20,[35][36][37][38][39] The vertical and spatial distributions of dFe have similar patterns in large lakes and in the ocean. Ve rtical distributions are nutrient-like with low concentrations at the surface, as a result of biological uptake, and increasing concentrations with depth due to remineralisation, aggregation and settling, and sediment resuspension.…”

“…Those sources are mainly balanced with outflow and sedimentation processes. [37,85] To date, only a few studies have measured Fe budgets in freshwater lakes. Measurement of high dFe concentration in river influx of Lake Kasumigaura (686-2910 nM) compared to lakewater (35-254 nM), suggest that riverine Fe was the major source in this lake.…”

“…The high contribution of fluvial inputs to dFe concentrations can be explained by the lakes' large watershed area. [37] Indeed, Fe comes from the products of weathered rocks and soil around watersheds. [85] Globally the largest input into the oceans comes from atmospheric dust deposition, [67] although exceptions to this may be upwelling areas or coastal regions with large river inputs.…”

Iron plays a role in nitrate drawdown by phytoplankton in Lake Erie surface waters as observed in lake-wide assessments

“…or Fe bound in lattice positions in aluminosilicates were not removed by the oxalate wash, which may have resulted in the overestimations of intracellular Fe in this study (Tang and Morel 2006;Hassler and Schoemann 2009). However, the similarity of our results to those witnessed in Lake Kinneret, wherein 70%-89% of total Fe was intracellular (Shaked et al 2004), suggest that the measures of intracellular Fe in this study are accurate.…”