The Biological Functions and Clinical Values of Exosomal Circular RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zhao, Ying; Yao, Jinmei

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.885214

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Furthermore, when circRNA is enclosed within exosomes, its stability is further enhanced [ 86 ]. With its stability and function of regulating miRNA splicing, exosomal circRNAs play a crucial role in the progression, immune escape, invasion, and drug resistance of HCC [ 87 , 88 , 89 ]. Recent studies have also shown that exosome circRNAs possess the ability to be novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and forecasting of HCC.…”

Section: Exosome Cargos As Biomarkers For Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome Cargos as Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zeng,

Hu,

Luo

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Due to the insidiousness of HCC onset and the lack of specific early-stage markers, the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC are still unsatisfactory, leading to a poor prognosis. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle containing various components, which play an essential part in the development, progression, and metastasis of HCC. A large number of studies have demonstrated that exosomes could serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC. These diagnostic components mainly include proteins, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. The exosome biomarkers showed high sensitivity and high specificity in distinguishing HCC from health controls and other liver diseases, such as chronic HBV and liver cirrhosis. The expression of these biomarkers also exhibits correlations with various clinical factors such as tumor size, TMN stage, overall survival, and recurrence rate. In this review, we summarize the function of exosomes in the development of HCC and highlight their application as HCC biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis prediction.

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Section: Exosome Cargos As Biomarkers For Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome Cargos as Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zeng,

Hu,

Luo

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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“…The studies summarized in this review suggest that exosomal circRNAs are involved in the formation of TMEs. Furthermore, by regulating immunosuppression and immunosurveillance mechanisms, exosomal circRNAs are associated with increased tumor recurrence and enhanced tumor cell survival ( 13 ). The means through which they can regulate the development of HCC and affect tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance will be explored further in this section.…”

Section: The Role Of Exosomal Circrnas In the Development Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dysregulation of proliferation is an important factor in tumor cell transformation. Therefore, an increasing number of studies have investigated the mechanisms through which the cell cycle can be regulated, and the role of exosomal circRNAs in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation has been slowly revealed in recent years ( 13 , 29 , 115 ). Human liver epithelial cells (L-02) undergo malignant transformation after longterm exposure to arsenite, resulting in the overexpression of circ-100284.…”

Section: The Role Of Exosomal Circrnas In the Development Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unique intercellular communication mechanisms of exosomes, which are important mediators of message transfer between HCC and other cell types, may generate a favorable microenvironment for HCC invasion and metastasis ( 13 , 29 , 115 ). The aforementioned HCC-derived ectodomain circRNA-100338 was found to promote angiogenesis in HCC.…”

Section: The Role Of Exosomal Circrnas In the Development Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conclusion, exosomal circRNA accelerates the tumor progression by adjusting the phenotype of the tumor microenvironment and ultimately forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment ( 12 ). In addition, the HCC-derived exosomal circRNAs can affect HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and the induction of chemoresistance by modulating the relevant HCC signaling pathways ( 10 , 13 ). Thus, there is great value in studying their role in the carcinogenesis, development, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An emerging research: the role of hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomal circRNAs in the immune microenvironment

Xu,

Lin,

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary malignancy of the liver, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death and is associated with a poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC comprises immune, immunosuppressive, and interstitial cells with hypoxic, angiogenic, metabolic reprogramming, inflammatory, and immunosuppressive features. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that secrete biologically active signaling molecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), microribonucleic acid (miRNA), proteins, and lipids. These signaling molecules act as messengers in the tumor microenvironment, especially the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Exosomal circRNAs reshape the tumor microenvironment by prompting hypoxic stress response, stimulating angiogenesis, contributing to metabolic reprogramming, facilitating inflammatory changes in the HCC cells and inducing tumor immunosuppression. The exosomes secreted by HCC cells carry circRNA into immune cells, which intervene in the activation of immune cells and promote the overexpression of immune checkpoints to regulate immune response, leading tumor cells to acquire immunosuppressive properties. Furthermore, immunosuppression is the final result of a combination of TME-related factors, including hypoxia, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and inflammation changes. In conclusion, exosomal circRNA accelerates the tumor progression by adjusting the phenotype of the tumor microenvironment and ultimately forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment. HCC-derived exosomal circRNA can affect HCC cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and induction of chemoresistance. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the composition and function of these exosomes, the role that HCC-derived exosomal circRNAs play in microenvironment formation, and the interactions between exosomes and immune cells. This review outlines the role of exosomal circRNAs in the malignant phenotype of HCC and provides a preliminary exploration of the clinical utility of exosomal circRNAs.

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Extracellular Vesicle-Related Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview

Augello,

Cusimano,

Cervello

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. It is a major public health problem worldwide, and it is often diagnosed at advanced stages, when no effective treatment options are available. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized double-layer lipid vesicles containing various biomolecule cargoes, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. EVs are released from nearly all types of cells and have been shown to play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. In recent years, many studies have investigated the role of EVs in cancer, including HCC. Emerging studies have shown that EVs play primary roles in the development and progression of cancer, modulating tumor growth and metastasis formation. Moreover, it has been observed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) carried by tumor cell-derived EVs promote tumorigenesis, regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and playing critical roles in the progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance of HCC. EV-related ncRNAs can provide information regarding disease status, thus encompassing a role as biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the main roles of ncRNAs present in HCC-derived EVs, including micro(mi) RNAs, long non-coding (lnc) RNAs, and circular (circ) RNAs, and their potential clinical value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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The Biological Functions and Clinical Values of Exosomal Circular RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cited by 3 publications

References 63 publications

Exosome Cargos as Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Exosome Cargos as Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

An emerging research: the role of hepatocellular carcinoma-derived exosomal circRNAs in the immune microenvironment

Extracellular Vesicle-Related Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview

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