The Biology and Systematics of Fuchsia in the South Pacific

Godley, E. J.; Berry, Paul E.

doi:10.2307/2399832

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Fuchsia excorticata has heterogametic sex determination, whereby females produce 50 : 50 hermaphrodite : female offspring and hermaphrodites produce all-hermaphrodite offspring (Godley and Berry 1995). Thus, the maintenance of gynodioecy depends on the success of females as seed parents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Futile Selfing in the Trees Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae) and Sophora microphylla (Fabaceae): Inbreeding Depression over 11 Years

Robertson

Kelly

Ladley

2011

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Futile Selfing in the Trees Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae) and Sophora microphylla (Fabaceae): Inbreeding Depression over 11 Years

Robertson

Kelly

Ladley

2011

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…1996;Webb 1999;Merrett 2007). \&F excorticata, male sterility is controlled by a single dominant gene with females being heterogametic (Godley & berry 1995), so hermaphrodites produce only hermaphrodite offspring, while females produce offspring with a 50:50 sex ratio. Hence, the population should approach 50% females only if hermaphrodites never reproduce successfully by seed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 12 × 5 mm fruits are a berry containing c. 300-600 small seeds in four locules (Godley & berry 1995). Fruits ripen from green through maroon to purple-black.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing pollination and fruit dispersal inFuchsia excorticata(Onagraceae)

Robertson

Ladley

Kelly

et al. 2008

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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We assessed the degree of pollen and fruit-dispersal limitation in the endemic gynodioecious New Zealand tree fuchsia Fuchsia excorticata over several seasons and at 17 sites throughout New Zealand. The flowers were visited mainly by two endemic honeyeaters (bellbirds and tui), and in some cases very frequently by silvereyes, which also occasionally rob nectar from flowers. We confirmed that hermaphrodites account for more than half the plants in all populations, are fully self-compatible, and can autonomously self in the absence of pollinators (especially in plants with smaller herkogamy). Fruit production in hermaphrodites and (particularly) females was frequently pollen-limited (mean Pollen Limitation Indices of 0.17 and 0.40, respectively), and was correlated with visual assessments of pollen loads on the stigma, a useful index of pollinator service. A comparison of the proportion of ripe or overripe fruit on branches exposed to birds versus branches enclosed in wire cages showed that uncaged fruit on Kapiti Island is removed almost as soon as it is ripe but on the mainland it persists for much longer. The proportion of ripe or overripe compared to green fruit is therefore an approximate index of dispersal service. Both indices may be useful to managers concerned with measuring the level of mutualism service provided by native birds.

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“…The following 10 species are usually winter deciduous (adults are entirely leafless, or nearly so, towards the end of winter): Moore & Irwin (1978) suggested that this species retains leaves over winter in the north, but completely deciduous populations have been recorded in the Auckland area (Esler in Godley & Berry 1995).…”

Section: Deciduous and Semideciduous Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fuchsia magellanica of southern South America is deciduous, but is in a different section to the New Zealand Fuchsia, which probably diverged over 50 m.y. ago from the rest of the genus (Sytsma et al 1991;Godley & Berry 1995). It is highly probable that the New Zealand Fuchsia immigrated from Australia, where the genus appeared some millions of years earlier (Martin 2003), but it is unlikely that it was deciduous at this time because of the prevailing subtropical climates.…”

Section: Biogeographical Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter leaf loss in the New Zealand woody flora

McGlone

Dungan

Hall

et al. 2004

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Approximately 27 species (c. 5%) of the New Zealand woody flora have a marked loss of leaves in winter, although only 10 species are consistently fully deciduous and no extensive vegetation type is dominated by them. There are no summer deciduous species. The deciduous habit appears in most cases to have evolved independently within New Zealand from either ancestors or immigrants with short leaf life spans. New Zealand deciduous or semideciduous species typically lose substantial numbers of leaves throughout the growing season, and leaf loss is often gradual throughout winter but accelerated by frost. The deciduous habit in New Zealand tends to be a leaf-or shoot-level feature reflecting short leaf life spans and winter stress on individual shoots, rather than a systematic feature of the canopy-level organisation of the plant. Degree of deciduousness varies with taxon, plant age, climate, and soil fertility. A physiological study of cooccurring fully deciduous (Fuchsia excorticata) and semideciduous (Aristotelia serrata) trees in the South Island established that higher growing-season productivity of Fuchsia compensated for carbon gain forgone over winter. However, Fuchsia was significantly favoured over Aristotelia only on the coldest sites. Aside from some inland basins of the South Island, New Zealand has milder winters than those that favour deciduous taxa globally, and this is the primary reason for the low incidence of deciduous species. Even so, a number of deciduous species are common throughout. New Zealand deciduous trees and shrubs are typically fast growing and are characteristic of seral or forest marginal habitat on nutrient-rich soils developed in recent alluvium or debris. The relatively low nutrient status of most New Zealand forest soils makes a deciduous phenology, with its necessarily high turnover of nutrients, less competitive than a nutrient-conserving evergreen phenology. Deciduous species are often also divaricating, or have close relatives that are, and share a preference for nutrient-rich soils with this growth form. This strong relationship between the two habits suggests both are, in part, adaptations to stressful climates by plants with high-productivity leaves.

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The Biology and Systematics of Fuchsia in the South Pacific

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Futile Selfing in the Trees Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae) and Sophora microphylla (Fabaceae): Inbreeding Depression over 11 Years

Futile Selfing in the Trees Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae) and Sophora microphylla (Fabaceae): Inbreeding Depression over 11 Years

Assessing pollination and fruit dispersal inFuchsia excorticata(Onagraceae)

Winter leaf loss in the New Zealand woody flora

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