The biology and therapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract

Carbon dioxide injection into deep saline aquifers is an important option for managing CO2 emissions. Injected CO2 dissolves into formation brines from above, increasing brine density and creating an unstable hydrodynamic state favorable for natural convection. Long‐term buoyancy‐driven flow of high‐density CO2‐saturated brine leads to faster trapping through improved dissolution and can reduce the risk of CO2 leakage from storage sites. We investigate the role of natural flow of aquifers and associated dispersion on the onset of convection. A linear stability analysis of a transient concentration field in a laterally infinite, horizontal, and saturated porous layer with steady horizontal flow is presented. The layer is subjected to a sudden rise in CO2 concentration from the top and is closed from the bottom. Solution of the stability equations is obtained using a Galerkin technique and the resulting equations are integrated numerically. We found simple scaling relationships that follow tDc∼60(1 + PeT)Ra‐2 for the onset time of convection and a∼0.05Ra/(1 + PeT) for the wavenumber of the initial instabilities. Results reveal that transverse dispersion increases the time to onset of convection for the entire range of Ra. Furthermore, transverse dispersion decreases the critical wavenumber of the instabilities. These results facilitate screening candidate sites for geological CO2 storage. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009

Reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients aged 50 years or older with B-cell ALL in remission: a retrospective study by the Adult ALL Working Group of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

“…17 The Ph chromosome is the most frequent and clinically significant abnormality in adult ALL, with an incidence ranging from 15 to 50% among older patients with B-cell ALL. 18 Use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with chemotherapy has altered the prognosis of these patients. 19 We could not obtain detailed information about tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment before or after transplantation and minimal residual disease from the registry data, but the Ph chromosome was not a risk factor in the present retrospective study.…”

Long-term results of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for 108 adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: favorable outcome with BMT at first remission and HLA-matched unrelated donor

“…[1][2][3][4][5] For patients with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical siblings, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) offers another consolidation option, and is the best salvage for chemotherapy failures. 6,7 Moreover, recent studies showed a promising outcome of allogeneic BMT with matched unrelated donors (MUD).…”

Adult ALL: treatment outcome and prognostic factors in an Indian population using a modified German ALL (GMALL) protocol

“…[1][2][3] The results of treatment have significantly improved in Tcell and mature B-cell ALL, without much change in B-precursor ALL. 4 Attempts to improve outcome include high-dose intensification, stem cell transplantation and risk-adapted therapy based on identified prognostic markers or minimal residual disease. However, in developing countries where state funding for expensive health-care interventions is lacking, it is important that treatment modifications should be cost effective.…”

“…2 We have previously reported that the expression of FRb is limited to the myelomonocytic lineage and that its expression is increased during neutrophil maturation and during the activation of macrophage; 3,4 however, among normal hematopoietic cells, only the receptor expressed in activated macrophage is functional in having the ability to bind folate. 4,5 FRb is also expressed in a functional form in approximately 70% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in which it is frequently coexpressed with CD34. 6 These observations suggest that FRb is a potential target for drug delivery to AML cells, but prospects of its clinical utility are limited by the variable and the frequently low expression of the receptor in the leukemic cells of AML patients.…”