The biology and toxicology of molluscicides, bayluscide

Impact of Taraxerol in combination with extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant on biological parameters of Lymnaea acuminata

“…Similarly, survivability of hatched snails was also decreased and it may be due to plant products affecting the respiratory function of the snails by acting as uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation at the mitochondrial level 1,31 . The reduction in the growth of treated snails may be due to interference of moluscicides with physiological activities of these snails 2,3,7 .…”

Physiological changes in Biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818 (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) caused by sub-lethal concentrations of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii N.E.B (Euphorbiaceae)

“…The product used in the program was niclosamide, an ethanolamine salt of 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide, manufactured under the trade name Bayluscide  , whose efficacy had previously been established (Gonnert 1961). Application of this product caused biocidal action on non-target plants and animals (Andrews et al 1983), besides causing genotoxicity and carcinogenic effects (Vega et al 1988). The high cost (Pieri 1995), the possibility of recolonization of breeding grounds (Sarquis et al 1997(Sarquis et al , 1998, and the ecological toxicity of this product were limitations on its use as an official molluscide in government programs to control schistosomiasis.…”

Anthraquinones in Rheum palmatum and Rumex dentatus(Polygonaceae), and phorbol esters in Jatropha curcas(Euphorbiaceae) with molluscicidal activity against the schistosome vector snails Oncomelania,Biomphalaria, and Bulinus

“…Table 1 Molluscicidal activity of authentic anthraquinones against schistosome vector snails not efficient at the doses recommended for field applications and found by others to kill 100% of snails (i.e. less than 1 mg/l; see Andrews et al 1983). This suggests that our test system, which was set up to permit testing of milligram quantities of pure and expensive substances (i.e.…”