The biology of Bothrometopus elongatus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in a mid-altitude fellfield on sub-Antarctic Marion Island

Barendse, Jaco; Chown, S. L.

doi:10.1007/s003000050454

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Physiological and life-history investigations have also demonstrated that invasive alien species have shorter life cycles, steeper rate-temperature relationships and improved physiological performance under warm conditions by comparison with their indigenous counterparts (Barendse & Chown 2000;Chown et al 2002;Slabber et al 2007). In consequence, regional changes in climate, a consequence of global scale change, are likely to have pronounced effects on the relative abundances of invasive alien and indigenous species via differential thermal responses of these two groups of organisms (Frenot et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

Chown

Convey

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

200

197

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Antarctica and its surrounding islands lie at one extreme of global variation in diversity. Typically, these regions are characterized as being species poor and having simple food webs. Here, we show that terrestrial systems in the region are nonetheless characterized by substantial spatial and temporal variations at virtually all of the levels of the genealogical and ecological hierarchies which have been thoroughly investigated. Spatial variation at the individual and population levels has been documented in a variety of genetic studies, and in mosses it appears that UV-B radiation might be responsible for within-clump mutagenesis. At the species level, modern molecular methods have revealed considerable endemism of the Antarctic biota, questioning ideas that small organisms are likely to be ubiquitous and the taxa to which they belong species poor. At the biogeographic level, much of the relatively small ice-free area of Antarctica remains unsurveyed making analyses difficult. Nonetheless, it is clear that a major biogeographic discontinuity separates the Antarctic Peninsula and continental Antarctica, here named the 'Gressitt Line'. Across the Southern Ocean islands, patterns are clearer, and energy availability is an important correlate of indigenous and exotic species richness, while human visitor numbers explain much of the variation in the latter too. Temporal variation at the individual level has much to do with phenotypic plasticity, and considerable lifehistory and physiological plasticity seems to be a characteristic of Antarctic terrestrial species. Environmental unpredictability is an important driver of this trait and has significantly influenced life histories across the region and probably throughout much of the temperate Southern Hemisphere. Rapid climate change-related alterations in the range and abundance of several Antarctic and subAntarctic populations have taken place over the past several decades. In many sub-Antarctic locations, these have been exacerbated by direct and indirect effects of invasive alien species. Interactions between climate change and invasion seem set to become one of the most significant conservation problems in the Antarctic. We conclude that despite the substantial body of work on the terrestrial biodiversity of the Antarctic, investigations of interactions between hierarchical levels remain scarce. Moreover, little of the available information is being integrated into terrestrial conservation planning, which lags far behind in this region by comparison with most others.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

Chown

Convey

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

200

197

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“…First, because alien species are already established on many islands, some may change from persistent to invasive status. Barendse & Chown (2000) argued that most alien insects on Marion Island have rapid life cycles that are likely to respond strongly to temperature, whilst indigenous species generally have a much slower life cycle and are less responsive or might succumb to higher temperatures. The change in status of several alien plants on Marion Island (Gremmen & Smith, 1999) might also be a consequence of climate change.…”

Section: Implications Of Climate Change (1 ) Climate Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications

Frénot

Chown

Whinam³

et al. 2005

Biol. Rev.

613

822

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Alien microbes, fungi, plants and animals occur on most of the sub-Antarctic islands and some parts of the Antarctic continent. These have arrived over approximately the last two centuries, coincident with human activity in the region. Introduction routes have varied, but are largely associated with movement of people and cargo in connection with industrial, national scientific program and tourist operations. The large majority of aliens are European in origin. They have both direct and indirect impacts on the functioning of speciespoor Antarctic ecosystems, in particular including substantial loss of local biodiversity and changes to ecosystem processes. With rapid climate change occurring in some parts of Antarctica, elevated numbers of introductions and enhanced success of colonization by aliens are likely, with consequent increases in impacts on ecosystems. Mitigation measures that will substantially reduce the risk of introductions to Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic must focus on reducing propagule loads on humans, and their food, cargo, and transport vessels.

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“…Six weevil species are found on Marion Island, of which two are restricted to the coastal area, and the remainder are found across a significant portion of the altitudinal range (Chown 1989) (Table 1). Although there is some seasonality in abundance, both adults and larvae of all the species can be found year-round (Chown and Scholtz 1989, Chown 1992, Barendse and Chown 2000. Most of the species have six or seven larval instars, and complete a generation within one year Scholtz 1989, Barendse and.…”

Section: Study Sites and Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altitudinal body size clines: latitudinal effects associated with changing seasonality

Chown¹,

Klok²

2003

Ecography

168

145

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Chown, S. L. and Klok, C. J. 2003. Altitudinal body size clines: latitudinal effects associated with changing seasonality. -Ecography 26: 445-455.Within ectotherms, increases in body size with latitude are thought to be the consequence of the effect of a decline in development temperature, which results in a larger final body size. In contrast, latitudinal declines in body size are usually ascribed to limited resources. It has been suggested that if generation time is similar to or constitutes a significant proportion of the growing season length, then season length is likely to have a considerable influence on body size because of constraints on resource availability, so resulting in a decline in body size with temperature (latitude). However, if generation time declines relative to season length, resources effectively become available for longer. Temperature influences on growth and differentiation are likely to be most significant, resulting in an increase in body size with latitude. Here, we test the hypothesis by comparing intraspecific altitudinal body size clines in a monophyletic group of weevils from two regions that differ substantially in seasonality. On the relatively aseasonal Marion Island, body size increases with altitude, whereas on the more seasonal Heard Island the opposite is found. In addition, overlapping generations on Marion Island indicate year-round resource availability, whereas more discrete generations on Heard Island indicate winter cessation of growth and development. Our data provide support for the hypothesis that the seasonality of resource availability has a major influence on body size clines. Furthermore, we argue that analysis of interspecific body size clines should be preceded by nested analyses of variance to determine the influence of clinal replacement of higher taxa on these patterns.

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The biology of Bothrometopus elongatus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in a mid-altitude fellfield on sub-Antarctic Marion Island

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic

Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications

Altitudinal body size clines: latitudinal effects associated with changing seasonality

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