THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 61. <i>Sorghum halepense</i> (L.) PERS.

Warwick, S. I.; Black, L. D.

doi:10.4141/cjps83-125

Cited by 99 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

125

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Based on its nearly worldwide distribution and adverse effect on global economy it is often described as one of the world's 10 worst weeds (Holm et al, 1977;Howard, 2004). S. halepense infestation results in severe crop losses either from competition or allelopathic effects and/or by serving as an alternative host for several crop pests (Warwick & Black, 1983). Its root system typically extends to а depth exceeding 1 m. The species grows up to three meters in height (Yang et al, 2004;Uddin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative characteristics of Lupinus albus L. and Lupinus luteus L. under allelopathic effect of Sorghum halepense L. (Pers.)

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryAllelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Sorghum halepense L. (Pers.) on seed germination and primary seedling growth and development of two lupine species was studied. Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus showed different levels of susceptibility to the allelopathic effect of weed extracts. Increasing concentrations (1.25, 2.50, 5.00 and 10.00%) of extracts from aboveground and belowground biomass suppressed seed germination of L. luteus from 53.2 to 74.7%. The germination of L. albus seeds was unaffected, except by the highest concentration of 10.00%. Fresh biomass accumulation in the initial germ of L. luteus was inhibited by 3.8-40.3% under the effect of concentrations of 2.50, 5.00 and 10.00%, which made the species susceptible to S. halepense extracts. L. albus was tolerant as it was not found to sustain a significant allelopathic effect of the extracts.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative characteristics of Lupinus albus L. and Lupinus luteus L. under allelopathic effect of Sorghum halepense L. (Pers.)

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hence, our experimental design was critical in the interpretation of our results. Clearly this geographic location, habitat and treatment factors were ideal for a species such as S. halepense; a species intentionally introduced for agronomic purposes, which now flourishes in agricultural and anthropogenic systems of the southeastern U.S. (Warwick and Black 1983). However, despite the reputation of A. donax as an aggressive riparian invader, this species appeared to be constrained by the non-riparian landscape.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thin green line: sustainable bioenergy feedstocks or invaders in waiting

Smith¹,

Allen²,

Barney

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous fast growing and highly competitive exotic crops are being selected for production of renewable bioenergy. Tolerance of poor growing conditions with minimal inputs are ideal characteristics for bioenergy feedstocks, but have attracted concern for their potential to become invasive. Miscanthus × giganteus is one of the most promising bioenergy crops in the US, but grower adoption is hindered by high establishment costs due to sterility. Newly developed fertile tetraploid M. × giganteus may streamline cultivation while reducing establishment costs. However, fertile seed dramatically increases the potential propagule pressure, and thus probability of off-site plant establishment. To empirically evaluate the invasive potential of fertile M. × giganteus in the Southeastern US, we compared fitness and spread potential relative to ten grass species comprising 19 accessions under both high and low levels of competition and disturbance. We chose species known to be invasive in the US (positive controls: Arundo donax, naturalized M. sinensis, M. sacchariflorus, Phalaris arundinacea, Sorghum halepense) and non-invasive (negative controls; Andropogon gerardii, ornamental M. sinensis, Panicum virgatum, Sorghum bicolor, Saccharum spp.). This novel design allows us to make relative comparisons of risk among species with varying invasiveness. After three years of establishment and growth in Blacksburg, Virginia, neither aboveground disturbance nor interspecific weed competition influenced fitness for fertile M. × giganteus or our positive and negative control groups. Fertile M. × giganteus produced 346% and 283% greater aboveground biomass than our positive and negative species, respectively. However, fertile M. × giganteus produced 74% fewer inflorescences m -2 than our positive controls and 7% and 51% fewer spikelets inflorescence -1 than the positive and negative control species. After 18 months of growth, we observed the vegetative and seedling spread of three of our positive control species (S. halepense, P. arundinacea, and M. sacchariflorus) Smith et al. / NeoBiota 25: 47-71 (2015) 48 into receiving areas of both high and low competition. After 24 months of growth, numerous species were observed outside the cultivated plot including fertile M. × giganteus and 50% of negative control species. Notably, in three years sterile M. × giganteus 'Illinois' and Arundo donax never moved from the cultivated plot. The addition of fertile seed appears to increase the potential for offsite movement, but within the geographic confines of our empirical evaluation, fertile M. × giganteus seedlings are more similar to native P. virgatum and were not nearly as fast growing or as competitive as our positive control S. halepense. The use of numerous species providing relative comparisons allow us to draw important conclusions which may help prepare for widespread commercialization, while providing novel methodology for ecological risk assessment of new species.

show abstract

“…Arriola & Ellstrand (1996) reported extensive spontaneous hybridization between cultivated S. bicolor and experimentally planted S. halapense. F 1 hybrids are fertile (Warwick & Black 1983).…”

Section: P Taedamentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgene escape: what potential for crop–wild hybridization?

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To date, regional surveys assessing the risk of transgene escape from GM crops have focused on records of spontaneous hybridization to infer the likelihood of crop transgene escape. However, reliable observations of spontaneous hybridization are lacking for most floras, particularly outside Europe. Here, we argue that evidence of interspecific reproductive compatibility derived from experimental crosses is an important component of risk assessment, and a useful first step especially where data from field observations are unavailable. We used this approach to assess the potential for transgene escape via hybridization for 123 widely grown temperate crops and their indigenous and naturalized relatives present in the New Zealand flora. We found that 66 crops (54%) are reproductively compatible with at least one other indigenous or naturalized species in the flora. Limited reproductive compatibility with wild relatives was evident for a further 12 crops (10%). Twenty-five crops (20%) were found to be reproductively isolated from all their wild relatives in New Zealand. For the remaining 20 crops (16%), insufficient information was available to determine levels of reproductive compatibility with wild relatives. Our approach may be useful in other regions where spontaneous crop-wild hybridization has yet to be well documented.

show abstract

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 61. Sorghum halepense (L.) PERS.

Cited by 99 publications

References 42 publications

Comparative characteristics of Lupinus albus L. and Lupinus luteus L. under allelopathic effect of Sorghum halepense L. (Pers.)

Comparative characteristics of Lupinus albus L. and Lupinus luteus L. under allelopathic effect of Sorghum halepense L. (Pers.)

The thin green line: sustainable bioenergy feedstocks or invaders in waiting

Transgene escape: what potential for crop–wild hybridization?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About