The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 27.Avena fatuaL. (updated)

Abstract

L. M. 2012. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 27. Avena fatua L. (Updated). Can. J. Plant Sci. 92:1329Á1357. An updated review of biological information is provided for Avena fatua. A widespread species originating in Eurasia, A. fatua is one of the 10 worst annual weeds of temperate agricultural regions of the world. Key weediness traits of this highly selfing species include fecundity, seed shatter, and a large and persistent seed bank with variable degrees of primary seed dormancy. The species occurs in all Canadian provinces and most states in the USA. In Canada, it is most troublesome as a weed in the prairies, where it has spread throughout crop areas in all climatic zones. Depending upon plant density and relative time of emergence, A. fatua competition may reduce annual crop yields by as much as 70%. First cohort emergence of A. fatua coincides with planting and emergence of spring-seeded crops, although additional cohorts can emerge throughout the growing season. Avena fatua is more abundant in zerothan intensive-tillage systems; the former regime promotes earlier and greater emergence because of a shallower and less persistent seed bank. Despite the introduction of highly efficacious herbicides in the 1970s and 1980s, abundance of the species has not declined across the Canadian prairies or elsewhere. The continual evolution of herbicide-resistant A. fatua populations, seed spread via farm machinery, and limited herbicide modes of action for its control threaten sustained annual field crop production in many temperate agricultural areas. Further adoption and integration of multiple non-herbicidal weed management practices, such as enhanced crop seeding rate, competitive crops and cultivars, and precision fertilizer placement, should help mitigate A. fatua interference. The species has some beneficial uses as an alternative feed and food constituent or industrial feedstock, as well as potential in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) improvement. Key words: Avena fatua, wild oat, folle avoine, weed biology Beckie, H. J., Francis, A. et Hall, L. M. 2012. La biologie des mauvaises herbes au Canada. 27. Avena fatua L. (mise aj our). Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1329Á1357. L'article propose une mise au point sur la biologie d'Avena fatua. Espe`ce d'Eurasie largement re´pandue, la folle avoine figure parmi les dix pires adventices annuelles dans les re´gions agricoles ac limat tempe´re´du monde.Les principaux caracte`res qui font de cette espe`ce autofe´conde´e une mauvaise herbe sont la fe´condite´, l'e´gre`nement et un important re´servoir de graines persistantes a`dormance primaire de degre´variable. La folle avoine existe dans toutes les provinces du Canada et dans la majorite´des É tats ame´ricains. Au Canada, elle s'ave`re particulie`rement proble´matique dans les Prairies, ou`elle a gagne´les re´gions cultive´es de toutes les zones climatiques. Selon la densite´du peuplement et le moment relatif ou`a lieu la leve´e, A. fatua peut re´duire le rendement des cultures annuelles de jusqu'a`70 %. La germination de la pre...

Influence of environmental conditions and crop competition on morphological and biological diversity of Avena fatua L. and Solanum nigrum L.

“…Reduced light intensity results in a decrease in leaf area, chlorophyll content, and consequently, biomass productivity [3,8]. In the present study, both species responded to lower light intensity with a poorer chlorophyll content and biomass production.…”

“…Wild oats (Avena fatua L.) is a one of the main graminaceous weeds in cereals. It is described as the most detrimental annual weed species of temperate agricultural areas all over the world [6][7][8]. In the latter study by Beckie et al, the economical threshold for A. fatua in winter and spring wheat was 13-50 panicles m −2 .…”

Resistance to herbicides inhibiting the biosynthesis of very‐long‐chain fatty acids

“…The Avena genus relates to one of the world's major grass weeds in temperate cropping areas, and Avena fatua L. (wild oat) is within the top 15 most important herbicide‐resistant weed species worldwide . A. fatua mainly infest crops in temperate climates, and different herbicide modes of action have been widely and regularly used for their control.…”

Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses on the Competitive Ability of Multiple Herbicide Resistant Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

“…A. fatua is one of the most economically important weeds across the Northern Great Plains of North America, where it competes with and reduces yields of cereal and pulse crops [17], [18]. ACCase and ALS-inhibiting herbicides have been used to control A. fatua since the 1970s and 1980s, respectively.…”