THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 35. <i>Alliaria petiolata</i> (M. Bieb.) Cavara and Grande

Cavers, Paul B.; Heagy, M. I.; Kokron, Robert F.

doi:10.4141/cjps79-029

Cited by 137 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It now dominates the understory of many forests in New England and the Midwest and has become one of the most rapidly expanding woodland IPS in eastern North America (Welk et al 2002). After only 5 to 7 years, this species can dominate the forest floor (Czarapata 2005) where its dense growth can replace spring ephemerals (Cavers et al 1979). Contributing to its success, garlic mustard produces an abundance of small seeds that are dispersed by humans, waterways, and animal fur, feet, and feathers.…”

Section: Garlic Mustard (Alliaria Petiolata) Alpe4mentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of invasive plant species monitored by the Northern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, 2005 through 2010

Kurtz¹

2013

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Section: Garlic Mustard (Alliaria Petiolata) Alpe4mentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of invasive plant species monitored by the Northern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, 2005 through 2010

Kurtz¹

2013

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“…Seeds germinate in spring, overwinter as rosettes, flower the following spring, and produce fruits in early summer (Cavers et al 1979). Sampling populations in the summer therefore allows for simultaneous measurements of reproductive output of individual plants as well as population demographic structure (i.e.…”

Section: Simple Lifetime Fitness Estimatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alliaria petiolata is the sole member of its genus found in Europe and North America (Cavers et al 1979). Both juvenile and adult plants are very distinct from naturally co-occurring plants.…”

Section: Easily Identifiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bieb.) Cavara & Grande, is native to most of Europe and western Asia below 68°N latitude (Cavers et al 1979). Several factors make this species suitable as a model species for invasion biology.…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herbarium records (Cavers et al 1979) and neutral genetic markers (Durka et al 2005) suggest introductions of A. petiolata to North America from multiple locations across its native Eurasian distribution beginning in the early 19 th century, probably for food and medicinal uses. Like many invasive species, it remained inconspicuous for decades, after which it spread at an exponential rate.…”

Section: A Widespread and Successful Invader With Demonstrated Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Global Garlic Mustard Field Survey (GGMFS): challenges and opportunities of a unique, large-scale collaboration for invasion biology

Colautti

Franks²,

Hufbauer³

et al. 2014

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To understand what makes some species successful invaders, it is critical to quantify performance differences between native and introduced regions, and among populations occupying a broad range of environmental conditions within each region. However, these data are not available even for the world's most notorious invasive species. Here we introduce the Global Garlic Mustard Field Survey, a coordinated distributed field survey to collect performance data and germplasm from a single invasive species: garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) across its entire distribution using minimal resources. We chose this species for its ecological impacts, prominence in ecological studies of invasion success, simple life history, and several genetic and life history attributes that make it amenable to experimental study. We developed a standardised field survey protocol to estimate population size (area) and density, age structure, plant size and Colautti et al. / NeoBiota 21: 29-47 (2014) 30 fecundity, as well as damage by herbivores and pathogens in each population, and to collect representative seed samples. Across four years and with contributions from 164 academic and non-academic participants from 16 countries in North America and Europe thus far, we have collected 45,788 measurements and counts of 137,811 plants from 383 populations and seeds from over 5,000 plants. All field data and seed resources will be curated for release to the scientific community. Our goal is to establish A. petiolata as a model species for plant invasion biology and to encourage large collaborative studies of other invasive species.

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Interspecific differences in microhabitat use expose insects to contrasting thermal mortality

Vives‐Ingla

Sala-Garcia

Stefanescu

et al. 2023

Ecological Monographs

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Ecotones linking open and forested habitats contain multiple microhabitats with varying vegetal structures and microclimatic regimes. Ecotones host many insect species whose development is intimately linked to the microclimatic conditions where they grow (e.g., the leaves of their host plants and the surrounding air). Yet microclimatic heterogeneity at these fine scales and its effects on insects remain poorly quantified for most species. Here we studied how interspecific differences in the use of microhabitats across ecotones lead to contrasting thermal exposure and survival costs between two closely‐related butterflies (Pieris napi and P. rapae). We first assessed whether butterflies selected different microhabitats to oviposit and quantified the thermal conditions at the microhabitat and foliar scales. We also assessed concurrent changes in the quality and availability of host plants. Finally, we quantified larval time of death under different experimental temperatures (thermal death time [TDT] curves) to predict their thermal mortality considering both the intensity and the duration of the microclimatic heat challenges in the field. We identified six processes determining larval thermal exposure at fine scales associated with butterfly oviposition behavior, canopy shading, and heat and water fluxes at the soil and foliar levels. Leaves in open microhabitats could reach temperatures 3–10°C warmer than the surrounding air while more closed microhabitats presented more buffered and homogeneous temperatures. Interspecific differences in microhabitat use matched the TDT curves and the thermal mortality in the field. Open microhabitats posed acute heat challenges that were better withstood by the thermotolerant butterfly, P. rapae, where the species mainly laid their eggs. Despite being more thermosensitive, P. napi was predicted to present higher survivals than P. rapae due to the thermal buffering provided by their selected microhabitats. However, its offspring could be more vulnerable to host‐plant scarcity during summer drought periods. Overall, the different interaction of the butterflies with microclimatic and host‐plant variation emerging at fine scales and their different thermal sensitivity posed them contrasting heat and resource challenges. Our results contribute to setting a new framework that predicts insect vulnerability to climate change based on their thermal sensitivity and the intensity, duration, and accumulation of their heat exposure.

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THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 35. Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara and Grande

Cited by 137 publications

References 12 publications

An assessment of invasive plant species monitored by the Northern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, 2005 through 2010

An assessment of invasive plant species monitored by the Northern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, 2005 through 2010

The Global Garlic Mustard Field Survey (GGMFS): challenges and opportunities of a unique, large-scale collaboration for invasion biology

Interspecific differences in microhabitat use expose insects to contrasting thermal mortality

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