THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 86. <i>Galium aparine</i> L. and <i>Galium spurium</i> L.

Malik, N.; Born, W. H. Vanden

doi:10.4141/cjps88-059

Cited by 61 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Cleavers have branched, climbing stems, which allows the foliage to cling to other plants (Malik and Vanden Born 1988) thereby increasing the potential for crop lodging. Although cleavers is found predominately in the western provinces, it has been documented in Manitoba (Reid and Van Acker 2005) and Ontario (Malik and Vanden Born 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance of three types of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to fluroxypyr plus MCPA ester

Brown¹,

Sikkema²

2010

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Brown, L. R. and Sikkema, P. H. 2010. Tolerance of three types of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to fluroxypyr plus MCPA ester. Can. J. Plant Sci. 90: 785Á789. Six field trials were conducted over a 3-yr period (2005Á2007) near Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario, to evaluate the tolerance of three types of winter wheat [soft white (SWWW), soft red (SRWW) and hard red (HRWW)] to three rates of fluroxypyr plus MCPA ester (54'281.25 g a.i. ha(1 ; 108'562.5 g a.i. ha (1 and 216' 1125 g a.i. ha(1 at POST 2 caused up to 1, 6 and 10% injury 14 DAT, respectively. Fluroxypyr plus MCPA ester applied at 216'1125 g a.i. ha(1 (POST 2) caused as much as 5, 5 and 12% injury in SWWW, SRWW and HRWW, respectively. Winter wheat height was reduced an average of 3 cm with the high rate of fluroxypyr plus MCPA ester in 2006. There was no significant effect of fluroxypyr plus MCPA ester rate or application timing on the yield of winter wheat. This study concludes that there is an adequate margin of crop safety in winter wheat to fluroxypyr plus MCPA ester applied POST in the spring.

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confidence: 99%

Tolerance of three types of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to fluroxypyr plus MCPA ester

Brown¹,

Sikkema²

2010

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…El porcentaje e índice de germinación disminuyeron ligeramente cuando se aumentó de forma continua la profundidad del suelo (120 cm). Esto tal vez sea resultado del bajo nivel de oxígeno a mayores profundidades del suelo; niveles muy bajos de oxígeno a cierta profundidad pueden llevar a la inducción de la latencia secundaria (Malik & Vanden, 1988;Poinar & Columbus, 1992). Las semillas enterradas de D. giraldii podrían estar en un ambiente hipóxico y la germinación de las semillas se vería afectada por la variación en la disponibilidad de oxígeno del suelo relacionado con diferentes profundidades de enterramiento (Yan, Liu, Li, & Ma, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Among those burial treatment, increasing the burial depth up to 100 cm significantly enhanced G P and G R , and the seeds buried at 100 cm depth had higher G P and G R than those buried at soil depths of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 120 cm. G P and G R slightly decreased when soil depths continuously increased (120 cm), This is perhaps as a result of the low oxygen level at greater soil depths, a very low oxygen levels at a certain soil depth may lead to induction of secondary dormancy (Malik & Vanden, 1988;Poinar & Columbus, 1992). The buried seeds of D. giraldii could be in a hypoxic environment, and seed germination may be affected by the variation in soil oxygen availability estudiado distintos tratamientos de presiembra para la germinación de semillas para la ruptura de la latencia y, por consiguiente, mejorar el índice de germinación y acelerar el proceso de germinación.…”

Section: Effect Of Seed Burial On Dormancy Of D Giraldiimentioning

confidence: 99%

Germinación y ruptura de latencia en semillas de Daphne giraldii Nitsche (Thymelaeaceae) provenientes del noroeste de China

Fang¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

Rev Cha Se Cie For y del Amb

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Daphne giraldii Nitsche (Thymelaeaceae) is a perennial evergreen shrub that is widely used in the ornamental plant and pharmaceutical industries in China. It exhibits dormancy, which delays and reduces germination. This study determined the effects of chemical treatment, stratification and burial treatment for overcoming the seed dormancy of D. giraldii. Results showed that chemical pre-treatment was less effective in breaking dormancy. The best germination percentage (G P ) was 52.33 %, a germination rate (G R ) of 1.19 only observed after 70 d of seed stratification at 5 °C treatment, indicating that the germination behavior of D. giraldii was not significantly affected by stratification. The physiological dormancy of D. giraldii seeds was alleviated during burial. Seeds buried at 100 cm depth for 170 days showed the highest germination success with G P of 86.5 % and G R of 10.11, which was the most effective treatment to alleviate seed dormancy. This information may be useful to restore and conserve other shrubs grown in Northwestern China and elucidate their survival under similar extreme environments. Resumen Daphne giraldii Nitsche (Thymelaeaceae) es un arbusto de hoja perenne utilizado ampliamente como planta ornamental y en la industria farmacéutica de China. La planta exhibe latencia que retrasa y reduce la germinación. Este estudio determinó los efectos del tratamiento químico, la estratificación y el tratamiento de siembra de semillas para interrumpir la latencia de D. giraldii. Los resultados mostraron que el pretratamiento químico fue el menos eficaz. El mejor porcentaje de germinación (G P ) fue 52.33 % y solamente se observó una tasa de germinación (G R ) de 1.19 después de 70 días de la estratificación de semillas a una temperatura de 5 °C. Esto indica que el comportamiento de la germinación de D. giraldii no se vio afectado significativamente por la estratificación. La latencia fisiológica de semillas de D. giraldii se mitigó durante la siembra de semillas. Las semillas enterradas a 100 cm de profundidad por 170 días germinaron exitosamente con 86.5 % e índice de germinación de 10.11, por lo que fue el tratamiento más eficaz para mitigar la latencia de las semillas. Esta información puede ser útil para restaurar y conservar otros arbustos que crecen en el noroeste de China y dilucidar su supervivencia en condiciones extremas similares.Received: April 14, 2015 / Accepted: November 25, 2015. Palabras clave:Estratificación, ácido giberélico, 6-benciladenina, siembra de semilla, capacidad de germinación

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“…Accounts for G. aparine and G. spurium L. have been presented in a previous Biology of Canadian Weeds account (Malik and Vanden Born 1988). Galium aparine can be distinguished from G. mollugo by the presence of bristles on stems, leaf tips and fruit.…”

Section: Description and Account Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stems and leaf tips of G. mollugo are smooth to slightly pubescent and the fruit is glabrous and wrinkled. Galium spurium is almost indistinguishable from G. aparine, and is frequently misidentified as such (Malik and Vanden Born 1988). The most obvious differences between these two species are their fruit size, flower size, and flower colour.…”

Section: Description and Account Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 121. Galium mollugo L.

Mersereau¹,

DiTommaso²

2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Mersereau, D. and DiTommaso, A. 2003. The biology of Canadian weeds. 121. Galium mollugo L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: [453][454][455][456][457][458][459][460][461][462][463][464][465][466]. Galium mollugo L. (smooth bedstraw) is a long-lived perennial broadleaved plant that reproduces both vegetatively and by seed. Galium mollugo can be a strong competitor in long-lived forage crops such as bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), as well as in short-lived forage crops such as red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and yellow sweet-clover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.]. It is also a problem weed in spruce plantations and re-vegetation areas. Livestock typically avoid this species, allowing it to become well-established in pastures where it outcompetes more favourable species. Moreover, G. mollugo is viewed as a successful invasive species because of its ability to colonize and proliferate in areas such as established meadows where most invasive species do not thrive. In natural meadow communities, G. mollugo is often a dominant species that is capable of colonizing areas left vacant by the death and/or displacement of other species. Under favourable conditions, G. mollugo growth and clonal expansion can increase rapidly. Galium mollugo is generally tolerant to herbicides such as 2,4-D, MCPA, 2,4-DB, and dicamba.

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THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 86. Galium aparine L. and Galium spurium L.

Cited by 61 publications

References 20 publications

Tolerance of three types of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to fluroxypyr plus MCPA ester

Tolerance of three types of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to fluroxypyr plus MCPA ester

Germinación y ruptura de latencia en semillas de Daphne giraldii Nitsche (Thymelaeaceae) provenientes del noroeste de China

The biology of Canadian weeds. 121. Galium mollugo L.

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