THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 34. Myriophyllum spicatum L.

Heavy metal accumulation in the leaves, stem and root of the invasive submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae): an example of Kadin Creek (Mugla, Turkey)

“…Inflorescence and seed production are common. It can be found all the year round in the water (Aiken et al 1979;Li et al 2010). Water pollution is one of the serious environmental problems originated from the overpopulation, urbanization, industrialization and ignorance (Satya et al 2011).…”

Growth response of the submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum to sediment nutrient levels and water-level fluctuations

“…This species is considered to be among the most troublesome aquatic weed species worldwide and has been shown to form thick monospecific stands that reduce the relative abundance and richness of other species in North America and North Africa (Grace & Wetzel 1978, Aiken et al 1979, Buchan & Padilla 2000, Smith et al 2002, Ali & Soltan 2006. The dispersal and population expansion of M. spicatum occurs mainly via auto-fragments, i.e.…”

Nitrogen/carbon metabolism in response to NH4+ pulse for two submersed macrophytes

“…To prevent NH 4 + toxicity, many macrophytes decrease NH 4 + accumulation by incorporating it into free amino acids (FAA) and amines and/or by actively transporting it out of plant cells, which are processes requiring carbon (C) as energy and C-skeleton for FAA synthesis (Britto et al, 2001;Britto and Kronzucker 2002;Cao et al, 2009a), leading to imbalance of CN metabolism under NH 4 + stress, e.g., increases in NH 4 N and FAA and decreases in soluble carbohydrate (SC) and starch (Cao et al, 2009b;Zhang et al, 2010;Yuan et al, 2013). The effect of NH 4 + enrichment on plants depends on the C reserves, e.g., sufficient C reserves alleviated negative effects of NH 4 + enrichment on Zostera noltii and Potamogeton crispus (Brun et al, 2002;Cao et al, 2009b In this study, the submersed macrophytes Myriophyllum spicatum L. and Ceratophyllum demersum L. were used to test effects of NH 4 + pulse on their C and N metabolism, because (1) these species distributed worldwide and inhabit waters ranging from mesotrophic-to eutrophic-conditions (Aiken et al, 1979;Smith and Barko 1990;Mjelde and Faafeng 1997); (2) they prefer NH 4 + over NO 3 − (Nichols and Keeney 1976;Best 1980), and require a considerable quantity of N for biomass production (Goulder and Boatman 1971;Wersal and Madsen 2011); and (3) they represent two kinds of strategies in resource use (Poorter and Bongers 2006;Sterck et al, 2011), with M. spicatum having an acquisitive strategy and higher growth rate (Fu et al, 2012) and C. demersum having a conservative strategy, with a more conservative C use and higher tress tolerance (Yuan et al, 2013;Zhong et al, 2013).…”