The biology of depression in Arab culture

Arginine metabolomics in mood disorders

“…Of the 4168 articles initially identified, 4145 were excluded. Of the remaining 23 articles, a further three were excluded, leaving 20 studies [ [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] ] ( Table 1 ). Nineteen studies had a low risk of bias [ [47] , [48] , [49] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] ], and the remaining one had a moderate risk of bias [ 50 ] (Supplementary Tab.…”

“…Sixteen studies including 19 group comparators reported arginine in 1327 patients with mood disorders and 1839 controls ( Table 1 ) [ [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , 66 ]. Fifteen study groups included patients with depressive disorder and four with bipolar disorder.…”

“…Nine studies including 12 group comparators investigated ornithine in 718 patients with mood disorders and 806 healthy controls ( Table 1 ) [ 47 , 51 , [53] , [54] , [55] , 57 , 58 , 60 , 62 ]. Ten study groups included patients with depressive disorder and the remaining two with bipolar disorder.…”

The Association Between Concentrations of Arginine, Ornithine, Citrulline and Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

“…Four articles were retrieved by manual search. The current meta-analysis includes 13 articles with 16 studies ( 18 , 22 , 33 , 41 , 52 – 60 ) ( Figure 1 ). Of the thirteen articles included, ten articles reported the results of a single study each, and 3 articles each of which reported results from two studies.…”