The biomedical applications of graphene

Edirisinghe, Mohan

doi:10.1098/rsfs.2018.0006

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Graphene is found in a wide variety of forms which are 0D (in the form of graphene quantum dots (GQDs)), 1D (in the form of nanowires, and tubes), 2D (in the form of pristine graphene, fluorographene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), porous graphene (PG), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), graphene nanoribbons), 3D (in the form of graphene foam, graphene aerogels). Graphene and its derivatives have extensively been explored for extended applications including [24] drug delivery, [25,26] tissue engineering, [26] sensor technologies, [27] coatings for corrosion protection, [28] and antimicrobial agents. [4,12,14,15,29] (Figure 1a,b) The fact that graphene and GO nanomaterials have a high surface area as a nanotherapeutic drug delivery platform and the high drug loading capacity of a single layer makes them attractive in this field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites as Antibacterial, Antiviral and Antifungal Agents

Edirisinghe

Tabish

2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Over the past decade, there have been many interesting studies in the scientific literature about the interaction of graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites with microorganisms to tackle antimicrobial resistance. These studies have reported variable intensities of biocompatibility and selectivity for the nanocomposites toward a specific strain, but it is widely believed that graphene nanocomposites have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. Such antibacterial activity is due to several mechanisms by which graphene nanocomposites can act on cells including stimulating oxidative stress; disrupting membranes due to sharp edges; greatly changing core structure mechanical strength and coarseness. However, the underlying mechanisms of graphene nanocomposites as antiviral and antifungal agents remain relatively scarce. In this review, recent advances in the synthesis, functional tailoring, and antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal applications of graphene nanocomposites are summarized. The synthesis of graphene materials and graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites with techniques such as pressurized gyration, electrospinning, chemical vapor deposition, and layer-by-layer self-assembly is first introduced. Then, the antimicrobial mechanisms of graphene membranes are presented and demonstrated typical in vitro and in vivo studies on the use of graphene nanocomposites for antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal applications. Finally, the review describes the biosafety, current limitations, and potential of antimicrobial graphene-based nanocomposites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites as Antibacterial, Antiviral and Antifungal Agents

Edirisinghe

Tabish

2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“… 40 Furthermore, the high dispersibility and hydrophilicity of GO improve tensile strength by creating hydrogen bonds between the filler and matrix in composite materials, which is a significant attribute for wound dressing materials. 41 − 43 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Membranes using graphene oxide (GO) have a high-water vapor transfer rate, as well as excellent water and exudate absorption, mechanical strength, and cytocompatibility . Furthermore, the high dispersibility and hydrophilicity of GO improve tensile strength by creating hydrogen bonds between the filler and matrix in composite materials, which is a significant attribute for wound dressing materials. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Functional Theory Interaction Study of a Polyethylene Glycol-Based Nanocomposite with Cephalexin Drug for the Elimination of Wound Infection

Adekoya

Sadiku

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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In this paper, density functional theory (DFT) simulations are used to evaluate the possible use of a graphene oxide-based poly(ethylene glycol) (GO/PEG) nanocomposite as a drug delivery substrate for cephalexin (CEX), an antibiotic drug employed to treat wound infection. First, the stable configuration of the PEGylated system was generated with a binding energy of −25.67 kcal/mol at 1.62 Å through Monte Carlo simulation and DFT calculation for a favorable adsorption site. The most stable configuration shows that PEG interacts with GO through hydrogen bonding of the oxygen atom on the hydroxyl group of PEG with the hydrogen atom of the carboxylic group on GO. Similarly, for the interaction of the CEX drug with the GO/PEG nanocomposite excipient system, the adsorption energies are computed after determining the optimal and thermodynamically favorable configuration. The nitrogen atom from the amine group of the drug binds with a hydrogen atom from the carboxylic group of the GO/PEG nanocomposite at 1.75 Å, with an adsorption energy of −36.17 kcal/mol, in the most stable drug–excipient system. Drug release for tissue regeneration at the predicted target cell is more rapid in moist conditions than in the gas phase. The solubility of the suggested drug in the aqueous media around the open wound is shown by the magnitude of the predicted solvation energy. The findings from this study theoretically validate the potential use of a GO/PEG nanocomposite for wound treatment application as a drug carrier for sustained release of the CEX drug.

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“…Many studies have been reported on graphene and its derivatives and their nanocomposites discussing antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities (18)(19)(20)(40)(41)(42). Matharu et al investigated the antibacterial activity of 2, 4 and 8 w/w% concentration graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) and GO loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite nanofibers against Escherichia coli (E. coli) (19,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral properties of porous graphene, graphene oxide and graphene foam ultrafine fibers against Phi6 bacteriophage

Tabish

Edirisinghe

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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As the world has experienced in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, viral infections have devastating effects on public health. Personal protective equipment with high antiviral features has become popular among healthcare staff, researchers, immunocompromised people and more to minimize this effect. Graphene and its derivatives have been included in many antimicrobial studies due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. However, scientific studies on antiviral graphene are much more limited than antibacterial and antifungal studies. The aim of this study was to produce nanocomposite fibers with high antiviral properties that can be used for personal protective equipment and biomedical devices. In this work, 10 wt% polycaprolactone-based fibers were prepared with different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 w/w%) of porous graphene, graphene oxide and graphene foam in acetone by using electrospinning. SEM, FTIR and XRD characterizations were applied to understand the structure of fibers and the presence of materials. According to SEM results, the mean diameters of the porous graphene, graphene oxide and graphene foam nanofibers formed were around 390, 470, and 520 nm, respectively. FTIR and XRD characterization results for 2 w/w% concentration nanofibers demonstrated the presence of graphene oxide, porous graphene and graphene foam nanomaterials in the fiber. The antiviral properties of the formed fibers were tested against Pseudomonas phage Phi6. According to the results, concentration-dependent antiviral activity was observed, and the strongest viral inhibition graphene oxide-loaded nanofibers were 33.08 ± 1.21% at the end of 24 h.

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The biomedical applications of graphene

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites as Antibacterial, Antiviral and Antifungal Agents

Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites as Antibacterial, Antiviral and Antifungal Agents

Density Functional Theory Interaction Study of a Polyethylene Glycol-Based Nanocomposite with Cephalexin Drug for the Elimination of Wound Infection

Antiviral properties of porous graphene, graphene oxide and graphene foam ultrafine fibers against Phi6 bacteriophage

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