The biomedical significance of the phytochemical, proximate and mineral compositions of the leaf, stem bark and root of Jatropha curcas

Asuk, Atamgba Agbor; Agiang, Margaret Akpana; Dasofunjo, K; Willie, Amonor James

doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.05.015

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The quantitative phytochemical estimation revealed that aqueous dried leaf extract of S. alata contains alkaloid, which is one of the most efficient therapeutic bioactive compounds in plants because of its analgesic and bactericidal effects (Ahmad et al, 2013). Saponin was 2.83% and can be considered as safe and non-toxic (Asuk et al, 2015) as high levels of saponin >10% have been associated with gastroenteritis, manifested by diarrhoea and dysentery, flavonoids (1.53%), indicating that S. alata can help fight against microbes and hepatic toxicity (Georgiev et al, 2014). The results of the proximate composition showed the presence of high crude fibre (53.87%), which is a good indication that the plant can prevent diverticulosis and also aid in the absorption of trace elements in the guts (Chiba et al, 2015) and carbohydrate (17.00%), which can serve as energy source while moisture content and ash content fell within the range of acceptable limits (6 to 15%) for most vegetable drugs (Asuk et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saponin was 2.83% and can be considered as safe and non-toxic (Asuk et al, 2015) as high levels of saponin >10% have been associated with gastroenteritis, manifested by diarrhoea and dysentery, flavonoids (1.53%), indicating that S. alata can help fight against microbes and hepatic toxicity (Georgiev et al, 2014). The results of the proximate composition showed the presence of high crude fibre (53.87%), which is a good indication that the plant can prevent diverticulosis and also aid in the absorption of trace elements in the guts (Chiba et al, 2015) and carbohydrate (17.00%), which can serve as energy source while moisture content and ash content fell within the range of acceptable limits (6 to 15%) for most vegetable drugs (Asuk et al, 2015). The acute toxicity evaluation of the aqueous dried leaf extract of S. alata showed no mortality, although scratching of body, calmness, dullness, and weakness of body within 2 h were noticed among rats treated with higher dose of up to 10 g/kg body weight, suggesting LD 50 of S. alata to be above 10.0 g/kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicological assessment of the aqueous dried leaf extracts of Senna alata L. in wistar rats

Ugbogu¹,

Emmanuel²,

Elekwa³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Senna alata is a medicinal plant that belongs to Leguminosae family. Different parts of the plant are used in folklore medicine for curing skin infections, abdominal pain, and gonorrhoea. Despite the use of S. alata in the treatment of various ailments, there is limited or no comprehensive scientific information on the toxicological evaluation of the dried leaf extract in the folklore medicine in Africa. This study therefore evaluated the extensive toxicological effects of the aqueous dried leaf extract of S. alata in wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, aqueous dried leaf extract of S. alata were administered orally up to 10 g/kg body weight to male wistar rats. In sub-acute study, the wistar rats were daily administered orally with aqueous dried leaf extract of S. alata at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 14 days and haematological and biochemical parameters were determined and a histopathology of the liver and kidney were analysed. The results revealed that in acute toxicity study, no death was recorded within 24 h after oral administration. In the sub-acute study, the extract did not exhibit any significant difference (p > 0.05) on haemoglobin, red blood cells and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in all the tested doses. Significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed on white blood cell, platelet, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The histopathology of the liver and kidney did not reveal any pathological changes. Our findings revealed that aqueous dried leaf extract of S. alata is not toxic at the tested doses, indicating that it is safe for therapeutic uses at the tested doses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological assessment of the aqueous dried leaf extracts of Senna alata L. in wistar rats

Ugbogu¹,

Emmanuel²,

Elekwa³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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“…These results are similar to those of Tava et al (2020) that showed the leaves of Medicago marina L contained higher diversity and concentrations of saponins when compared to the roots of the plant. Asuk, Agiang, Dasofunjo, and Willie (2015) also found that the leaves, stem bark and roots of Jatropha curcas contain similar concentrations of saponins. However, while these studies compared the leaf with the roots of the plant, they did not analyse the root bark separately from the root wood for comparison.…”

Section: Saponins In Different Constituents Of S Spinescensmentioning

confidence: 80%

Assessment and comparison of phytochemicals and antioxidant properties from various parts of the Australian maroon bush (Scaevola spinescens)

Nguyen

Scarlett

Vuong

2021

Heliyon

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Scaevola spinescens is endemic to Australia and traditionally used as a medicinal plant. While its bioactive compounds have been studied, their concentrations in different parts of the plant have not been reported. This study compared total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids, saponins and antioxidant properties, as well as major individual phytochemical compounds in the whole root, root bark, root wood, whole stem, stem bark, stem wood, and leaf of S. spinescens. The results showed the leaf had significantly highest concentrations of TPC followed by the root bark and stem bark (47.34, 12.24 and 10.20 mg GAE/g, respectively). Flavonoids concentrations were also significantly higher in the leaf compared to the root bark and stem bark (20.95, 6.22 and 4.19 mg CE/g, respectively). For saponins, the root bark contained significantly highest concentrations (112.58 mg EE/g). Luteolin 7-glucoside was isolated and identified in the leaf of S. spinescens. Eight major compounds were identified with the leaf displaying the highest diversity of major compounds, and in higher concentrations, compared to the other plant constituents. As the leaf and root bark contained the highest concentrations of phytochemicals, these plant parts are recommended as starting material for future studies, to further isolate and identify the major compounds from S. spinescens and investigate their biological properties for use in pharmaceutical and food applications.

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“…In same vain, relatively high tannin content in yagari (788.420 ± 0.010 mg/g) could endow the mixture with medicinal properties such as antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and astringent activities of the herbal mixture [39][40][41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Toxicological Profile of Yagari

Agatemor

Nwodo

2021

APRJ

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Background and Objective: Data from researches have shown a rise in disease, ill health and death linked with the utilization of herbal products, thereby raising global awareness in the last few years. On that account, the safety and toxicity evaluations of herbal products and preparations was essential. This study evaluated the toxicological profile of Yagari – a herbal mixture. Materials and Methods: Acute oral toxicity (LD50) was carried out in Swiss mice according to Lorke’s method while sub-chronic toxicity study was carried out with 20 adult albino rats which were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Group one served as control and received normal saline while Groups 2 to 4 received 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg yagari respectively for 28 days. The body weights of the rats were monitored while on day 29, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples and organs were collected for biochemical/hematological analysis and histopathological examination respectively. Results: Results showed that Yagari is not noxious up to 5000 mg/kg following acute oral toxicity study. The sub-chronic toxicity test divulged that Yagari had no serious end results on the biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters, although the body weight of the animals significantly increased. Conclusion: It was concluded that Yagari is not toxic, still further investigations on a large number of animals are essentially needed to denote safety and efficacy of the herbal formulation.

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The biomedical significance of the phytochemical, proximate and mineral compositions of the leaf, stem bark and root of Jatropha curcas

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Toxicological assessment of the aqueous dried leaf extracts of Senna alata L. in wistar rats

Toxicological assessment of the aqueous dried leaf extracts of Senna alata L. in wistar rats

Assessment and comparison of phytochemicals and antioxidant properties from various parts of the Australian maroon bush (Scaevola spinescens)

Evaluation of the Toxicological Profile of Yagari

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