The Bionomics of the Tufted Apple Budmoth, Platynota idaeusalis1 in Michigan2

Ovicidal Activity of Methomyl on Eggs of Pest and Beneficial Insects and Mites Associated with Apples in Virginia

“…Also, it appears that overwintering generation activity for each species can be more accurately predicted than the summer generation activity. This conclusion differs from that observed by Hogmire and Howitt (1979) This study included only one environmental parameter, air temperature, but as Hogmire and Howitt (1979) suggest, other parameters such as soil temperature and rainfall may greatly influence the development of these leafrollers especially during the fall and spring when the larvae inhabit leaf litter on the orchard floor. There may also be a high limiting temperature occurring during the smnmer above which physiological development ceases.…”

“…A developmental threshold of 48°F (8.9°C) was used for R_. idaeusalis (Hogmire and Howitt 1979). Due to lack of developmental data for P. flavedana it is assumed that it too has a developmental threshold of 48°F (8.9°C).…”

“…Consequently seasonal activity of a variety of fruit pests has been monitored in terms of accumulated degree-days for predictive purposes. Among fruit pests, the seasonal activity of the apple maggot (Reissig et al 1979), codling moth (Riedl et al 1976, Riedl and Croft 1978, Cranhan 1980, Jorgensen et al 1979, Croft et al 1980, two cherry fruit fly species (Jubb and Cox 1974), western cherry fruit fly (AliNiazee 1976(AliNiazee , 1979, spotted tentiform leafminer and its parasite--Apanteles ornigis Weed (Johnson et al 1979), tufted apple budmoth (Hogmire and Howitt 1979), oriental fruit moth (Bailey 1980, Rice et al 1982a, San Jose scale (Jorgensen et al 1981, Rice et al 1982b (Chalfant et al 1979), tobacco budworm, ! !.· virescens (Pitts and Pieters 1980), and H.…”

FACTORS AFFECTING THE TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPRING FLIGHT OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

“…When the emergence of the overwintered population was expressed as the cumulative percentage emergence of the total moths emerging up to 800 DD and plotted vs. DD a sigmoid curve was obtained. Transformation of the cumulative percentage emergence values to probits gave a straight line (Shaw and Starr 1946;Howe 1952;Messenger and Flitters 1958;Jarvis and Brindley 1965;Hogmire and Howitt 1979) fitting the linear equation:…”