The biophysical properties of plasmalogens originating from their unique molecular architecture

Abstract

Plasmalogens are a unique class of phospholipids that are present in many organisms. Their presence in cell membranes has intrigued researchers for decades due to their unique molecular structure, namely the vinyl‐ether bond at the sn‐1 position, and their association with brain related disorders. Apparently, based on their amount in the cell membranes, their function is to provide exclusive structural and dynamical properties to these complex molecular assemblies. Yet, many of their physiological roles manifested through their biophysical properties have been challenging to identify. In this review, the biophysical properties of plasmalogens are discussed and compared to other lipid species. The role of plasmalogens is examined in the context of cell membrane function, and some future directions are given.

Peroxisome-derived lipids regulate adipose thermogenesis by mediating cold-induced mitochondrial fission

“…Instead, peroxisomal plasma logen synthesis appears to be involved in the mechanism. Due to the presence of a vinyl ether bond at the sn-1 position of their glycerol backbone, plasmalogens tend to form non-lamellar lipid structures, such as inverted hexagonal configurations, suggesting that they might be involved in membrane dynamics (57,58). Our results indicate that plasmalogens are present in adipocyte mitochondria and disruption of their synthesis impairs mitochondrial fission, perhaps by altering biophysical properties of the outer mitochondrial membrane and blocking Drp1-mediated membrane constriction.…”

On the road to unraveling the molecular functions of ether lipids

“…This however seems to vary among tissues , and since alkyl‐acyl lipids are also abundant (especially under certain pathological conditions ), and they might have different functions, differentiating them in terms of abundance or biophysical properties will facilitate our understanding of ether lipid biology. For a very detailed description on the physico‐chemical properties of ether lipids in general the reader should refer to , and for plasmalogens in particular. Among the differences that can be found between ester, ether and vinyl‐ether lipids, it is worth mentioning properties related to the cross‐sectional area of ether lipids, the melting temperatures, the differences in packing and the interaction with other lipids such as cholesterol.…”

Introducing a new column, Peer Review accreditation, and a Focus On… Plasmalogens

“…We hope you enjoy the six commissioned Review articles that cover several aspects of these enigmatic membrane phospholipids. Indicatively, the biophysical properties of plasmalogens and the regulation of their biosynthesis in bacteria and mammals are reviewed . Moreover, plasmalogen functions, for example, in peroxisome biogenesis and neuronal development, and pathogenic roles are discussed .…”